Gender, Race, and Class Politics and the Inclusion of Women in Title Vii of the 1964 Civil Rights Act

Deitch, Cynthia

doi:10.1177/089124393007002003

Cited by 31 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The greatest gains have come in professional employment, in which white women are now overrepresented relative to their overall employment and may have already gained representational, if not earnings or field, parity with white men. It is certainly an ironic outcome that legislation that was originally targeted at ending racial segregation and discrimination and only included sex in a last-ditch effort to undermine the legislation (Deitch 1993) has produced the most sustained…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Discrimination and Desegregation: Equal Opportunity Progress in U.S. Private Sector Workplaces since the Civil Rights Act

Tomaskovic‐Devey

Stainback²

2007

The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Scie

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Numerous commentators have concluded that the Civil Rights Act was effective in promoting increased access to quality jobs for racial minorities. Many have worried as well that the pace of change has been too slow or stalled, particularly after 1980. Few have directly discussed under what conditions we might expect equal employment opportunity (EEO) to flourish. Explanations of status inequalities in the workplace have primarily relied on theories of social conflict and discrimination. Organizational perspectives on stratification, while not completely absent from previous research, remain a road less traveled. In this paper we present trends in race-sex inequality in U.S. workplaces since the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and describe the organizational practices and discrimination processes that are likely to maintain status inequalities in the workplace and those which might be catalysts of change.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Discrimination and Desegregation: Equal Opportunity Progress in U.S. Private Sector Workplaces since the Civil Rights Act

Tomaskovic‐Devey

Stainback²

2007

The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Scie

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“…In this case, it has been argued that conflict over labor shaped conflict over the ERA (see, e.g., Deitch ; Freeman ). Unions, a major force in the liberal Democratic coalition, had long opposed the ERA because it threatened protective labor legislation .…”

Section: Discussion and Supplementary Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the sex amendment applied to employment, it was a much more ambitious policy than any of the extant measures targeting “specific ills.” Its status as a “surrogate for the ERA,” to use Freeman's words, is clear in the NWP's support therefore (1991, 183). In fact, the NWP has been credited with persuading Howard Smith to attempt to add sex to Title VII and pushing others to support it as well (Bird ; Brauer ; Deitch ; Freeman ; Harrison ; Robinson ; Rupp and Taylor ). Moreover, the congressional debate on the sex amendment to Title VII involved discussions of many of the issues raised by the ERA, like protective labor legislation and natural differences between men and women.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rights by Fortune or Fight? Reexamining the Addition of Sex to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act

Krimmel

2018

Legislative Studies Qtrly

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It is widely believed that the extension of protection against employment discrimination to women through Title VII of the Civil Rights Act (CRA) was a fluke, the product of an attempted “killer amendment” by civil rights opponents gone awry. My analysis challenges this conventional wisdom, showing that the coalition of Republicans and southern Democrats in support of the sex amendment to Title VII was consistent with broader patterns of support for the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) in the early to mid‐20th century. In other words, support appears to have been sincere, not sophisticated—proponents preferred a CRA with the sex amendment to one without. I proceed to show that concern about the direct impact on women, and not simply the instrumental impact on labor, played an important role in motivating this support. But, I also find reason for caution in interpreting support for workplace rights as evidence of broad support for women's rights at this time.

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“…Both articles involved significant culling of evidence from the Congressional Record and contextualization of Congressional discourse in social theory. Cynthia Deitch (1993) offered a postmodern approach to textual analysis of congressional debate. Her study compared the different discursive strategies used by men and women to either support or oppose the insertion of gender discrimination policy in the 1964 Civil Rights Act .…”

Section: Political Discourse Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Immigrant Exclusion from Welfare: An Analysis of the 1996 Welfare Reform Legislative Process

Agrawal

2008

Politics & Policy

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Congress passed the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) in August 1996. This major welfare reform bill explicitly barred legal immigrant eligibility for most federal means‐tested public benefits. This article applies a Foucauldian method of analysis to congressional discourse surrounding legal immigrant exclusion from welfare. Such an approach examines how political issues are constructed to reveal the use of power and discursive rules in the production of socially and politically acceptable truths. I argue that legislators used specific discursive constructions to frame immigrant exclusion provisions. These discursive approaches, often at odds with empirical data, reinforced existing ideology and governed the employable concepts that held power in the debate. The analysis also demonstrates that political discourse implicitly revolved around the “immigrant bargain.” Elements of this bargain included the ideal type of immigrant desired by the United States and the proper relationship of the nation to such immigrants.

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Gender, Race, and Class Politics and the Inclusion of Women in Title Vii of the 1964 Civil Rights Act

Cited by 31 publications

References 7 publications

Discrimination and Desegregation: Equal Opportunity Progress in U.S. Private Sector Workplaces since the Civil Rights Act

Discrimination and Desegregation: Equal Opportunity Progress in U.S. Private Sector Workplaces since the Civil Rights Act

Rights by Fortune or Fight? Reexamining the Addition of Sex to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act

Immigrant Exclusion from Welfare: An Analysis of the 1996 Welfare Reform Legislative Process

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