Gender patterns in Vietnam’s child mortality

Pham, Thong Le; Kooreman, Peter; Koning, Ruud H.; Wiersma, Doede

doi:10.1007/s00148-012-0425-9

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…More recently, because gender discrimination seems to be more evident in the age range of 1–4 years, the focus was moved to CMR and all under-five children. In some studies, the authors defined specific age groups for the analysis, reporting on non-standard age groups [ 5 , 7 , 24 , 36 , 37 , 39 , 46 , 54 , 72 – 74 , 78 , 80 , 81 , 83 , 85 , 86 , 88 – 90 , 94 , 99 , 101 , 108 , 110 , 111 , 114 , 115 , 117 , 118 , 126 , 128 , 139 , 146 , 149 , 156 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scoping review of methods for assessment of sex differentials in early childhood mortality

Costa

Victora

2021

BMC Pediatr

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Background While assessment of sex differentials in child mortality is straightforward, their interpretation must consider that, in the absence of gender bias, boys are more likely to die than girls. The expected differences are also influenced by levels and causes of death. However, there is no standard approach for determining expected sex differences. Methods We performed a scoping review of studies on sex differentials in under-five mortality, using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Publication characteristics were described, and studies were grouped according to their methodology. Results From the 17,693 references initially retrieved we included 154 studies published since 1929. Indian, Bangladeshi, and Chinese populations were the focus of 44% of the works, and most studies addressed infant mortality. Fourteen publications were classified as reference studies, as these aimed to estimate expected sex differentials based upon the demographic experience of selected populations, either considered as gender-neutral or not. These studies used a variety of methods – from simple averages to sophisticated modeling – to define values against which observed estimates could be compared. The 21 comparative studies mostly used life tables from European populations as standard for expected values, but also relied on groups without assuming those values as expected, otherwise, just as comparison parameters. The remaining 119 studies were categorized as narrative and did not use reference values, being limited to reporting observed sex-specific estimates or used a variety of statistical models, and in general, did not account for mortality levels. Conclusion Studies aimed at identifying sex differentials in child mortality should consider overall mortality levels, and report on more than one age group. The comparison of results with one or more reference values, and the use of statistical testing, are strongly recommended. Time trends analyses will help understand changes in population characteristics and interpret findings from a historical perspective.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scoping review of methods for assessment of sex differentials in early childhood mortality

Costa

Victora

2021

BMC Pediatr

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“…A high education level of the father is particularly protective for boys. We have argued that gender-specific patterns of social interactions within the family could be a part of the explanation [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinant of Under-Five Child Mortality in Ethiopia

Bedada¹

2017

AJTAS

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Many countries are not on track to complete UNICEF's Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) target of a twothirds reduction in the rate of child mortality by 2015. This paper examines determinants of under-five mortality in Ethiopia. The study utilizes the data extracted from the 2011 Ethiopia demographic and health survey. Multivariate logistic analysis reflects that sex of the child, family size, education level of mother, age at first birth of mother, breast-feeding; using contraceptive method and region of child have significant influence on under-five child mortality in Ethiopia. The proximate determinants are found to have stronger influence on under-five mortality than the socioeconomic factors considered in the study do.

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“…Nga et al identified the causes of neonatal death in Quang Ninh province and analysed this distribution by age at death, birth weight, and place of delivery from a clinical perspective ( 3 ). Pham et al investigated the patterns of child mortality by gender ( 4 ). They found that the mortality rate for boys was much higher than for girls and that this was associated with parents’ educational levels, in particular those of the father.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends and determinants of infant and under-five childhood mortality in Vietnam, 1986–2011

Lee

Choi

et al. 2016

Global Health Action

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BackgroundAlthough Vietnam has taken great efforts to reduce child mortality in recent years, a large number of children still die at early age. Only a few studies have been conducted to identify at-risk groups in order to provide baseline information for effective interventions.ObjectiveThe study estimated the overall trends in infant mortality rate (IMR) and under-five mortality rate (U5MR) during 1986–2011 and identified demographic and socioeconomic determinants of child mortality.DesignData from the Vietnam Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICSs) in 2000 (MICS2), 2006 (MICS3) and 2011 (MICS4) were analysed. The IMR and U5MR were calculated using the indirect method developed by William Brass. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios were estimated to assess the association between child death and demographic and socioeconomic variables. Region-stratified stepwise logistic regression was conducted to test the sensitivity of the results.ResultsThe IMR and U5MR significantly decreased for both male and female children between 1986 and 2010. Male children had higher IMR and U5MR compared with females in all 3 years. Women who were living in the Northern Midlands and Mountain areas were more likely to experience child deaths compared with women who were living in the Red River Delta. Women who were from minor ethnic groups, had low education, living in urban areas, and had multiple children were more likely to have experienced child deaths.ConclusionBaby boys require more healthcare attention during the first year of their life. Comprehensive strategies are necessary for tackling child mortality problems in Vietnam. This study shows that child mortality is not just a problem of poverty but involves many other factors. Further studies are needed to investigate pathways underlying associations between demographic and socioeconomic conditions and childhood mortality.

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Gender patterns in Vietnam’s child mortality

Cited by 10 publications

References 40 publications

A scoping review of methods for assessment of sex differentials in early childhood mortality

A scoping review of methods for assessment of sex differentials in early childhood mortality

Determinant of Under-Five Child Mortality in Ethiopia

Trends and determinants of infant and under-five childhood mortality in Vietnam, 1986–2011

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