Gender, Palestinian Women, and Terrorism: Women's Liberation or Oppression?

Berko, Anat; Erez, Edna

doi:10.1080/10576100701329550

Cited by 49 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The claim that women join for personal reasons whereas men are motivated by political factors, which can be found in some terrorism studies publications, 241 is not supported by the findings of this study. Instead, perceived injustice and security pressures were the most important motivational factors for both men and women to join the war in Lebanon.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

Female Fighters and Militants During the Lebanese Civil War: Individual Profiles, Pathways, and Motivations

Eggert

2018

Studies in Conflict & Terrorism

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This article offers an analysis of women's profiles, pathways, and motivations to join the Lebanese civil war (1975 to 1990), with a particular focus on female fighters militants involved with Harakat Amal, Kataeb, the Progressive Socialist Party, Lebanese Communist Party, Fatah and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. The article contributes to existing debates on women's motivations to join nonstate armed groups by examining both militias that included female fighters and those that did not. It is the first study so far that analyses the profiles and motivations of female fighters and militants within all major militias during the Lebanese civil war. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 89%

Female Fighters and Militants During the Lebanese Civil War: Individual Profiles, Pathways, and Motivations

Eggert

2018

Studies in Conflict & Terrorism

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“…One area where left realism can make a contribution is the study of women terrorists. 3 Similar to general criminal offenses, women are involved in terrorism, but to a lesser extent than men (see, e.g., [8,30]). Women's involvement in terror differs from that of men, usually depending on group ideology [57], and this is an area ripe for exploration.…”

Section: Conclusion and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Looking at terrorism through left realist lenses

Gibbs

2010

Crime Law Soc Change

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While terrorism has moved into the spotlight of criminological study, including critical criminology, it has yet to be thoroughly explored from a left realist perspective. Left realism addresses four aspects of crime: causes of offending, impact on the victims, and both official and public responses to crime. A left realist approach to terrorism would argue that similar to those who engage in street crimes, many terrorists are socially or economically disenfranchised young men who become involved in terrorism through connections with similarly situated members of the fringe population, and "get tough" policies on terrorism will backfire. Four propositions of left realist theory organized by DeKeseredy and colleagues are presented and addressed through the extant literature, which offers partial support for a left realist explanation of terrorism.Terrorism has been explored through a variety of perspectives. A large portion of the literature examining causes of terrorist activity tends to be psychological [see 18,33] or sociological [e.g., 2], with criminologists recently attempting to explain terrorist activity. For example, Hamm and Van de Voorde applied criminological theoriesspecifically social learning and opportunity theories-to terrorist involvement in transnational crime [30]. While criminology has much to offer the study of terrorism, lacking from the literature is an assessment of the left realist framework to understand terrorism (but see Taylor for an examination of terrorism through a critical criminological perspective) [60]. This paper explores terrorism through the left realist perspective. The next section reviews left realist theory, followed by a review of terrorism and the applicability of

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“…So far, fifty-one women in Iraq have successfully attacked US troops or Iraqi civilians, the most recent of which occurred on July 4, 2010 in Anbar Province at a reception outside the Governor's office in Ramadi. 5 On December 25, 2010 a Pakistani woman clad in a Burka killed 46 and injured over a hundred others at a UN World Food Program emergency food distribution center in the Bajaur tribal area in Khar on the Afghan-Pakistan border. 6 The attack halted the UN's distribution of food for several days.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bombshells: Women and Terror

Bloom

2011

Gend. Issues

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Terrorism is considered the ultimate ''weapon of the weak''. Groups that could not possibly succeed using conventional tactics on the battlefield employ unconventional means to strike terror behind the battle lines. Increasingly, however, the ''weakest'' members of society, notably women and children, have been drawn into the fray as operatives. Once an occasional occurrence, the use of women is growing at an alarming rate. Using female recruits provides the terrorist organizations with a comparative advantage, particularly the element of surprise. At the same time, this strategy damages the psychological well being and morale of the soldiers opposing them. Soldiers have been trained to protect the civilian population. US Army doctrine specifies that, ''preserving noncombatant lives and dignity is central to mission accomplishment in counterinsurgency'' (Lt. Col. Perez in The embedded morality in FM 3-24 Counterinsurgency, Military Review, 32) The requirement to shoot people that soldiers are ordinarily trained to protect can have deep psychological impact disproportionate to killing adult men. This often results in higher levels of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and battle fatigue. The upsurge in female suicide bombers has occurred across a variety of nationalistic and secular groups but has also spread to the conservative religious terror networks. This article assesses the growing phenomenon of female terrorists and looks at the different roles that women play in terrorist organizations. It also analyzes the different Portions of this article are taken from an earlier draft of Bombshell: the Many Faces of Women Terrorists. Toronto: Penguin (Viking) mechanisms for women's mobilization and briefly discusses whether women are coerced or are willing participants in terrorist violence.

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Gender, Palestinian Women, and Terrorism: Women's Liberation or Oppression?

Cited by 49 publications

References 20 publications

Female Fighters and Militants During the Lebanese Civil War: Individual Profiles, Pathways, and Motivations

Female Fighters and Militants During the Lebanese Civil War: Individual Profiles, Pathways, and Motivations

Looking at terrorism through left realist lenses

Bombshells: Women and Terror

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