“…Spanish and Basque are true voicing languages in which /ptk/ have short lag VOT (e.g., Lisker & Abramson, 1964; Souganidis et al., 2022), but English is an aspirating language in which /ptk/ have substantially longer aspirated VOT (e.g., Lisker & Abramson, 1964). Importantly, although Spanish–Basque–English trilinguals often do not produce monolingual‐like aspiration in English, they generally produce longer VOT in English than in Spanish and Basque (Martínez Adrián et al., 2013). These phonetic differences between English, on one hand, and Spanish and Basque, on the other hand, constitute a suitable test case for the differential impact of L3 English on L2 Basque and on L1 Spanish.…”