Gender oncology: recommendations and consensus of the Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM)

Berardi, R.; Rossi, F.; Papa, R.; Appetecchia, M.; Baggio, G.; Bianchini, M.; Mazzei, T.; Maria Moretti, A.; Ortona, E.; Pietrantonio, F.; Tarantino, V.; Vavalà, T.; Cinieri, S.

doi:10.1016/j.esmoop.2024.102243

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…The perceived sexual dimorphism in cancer epidemiology is the consequence of a myriad of factors, including socioeconomic and cultural disparities ( 200 ), environmental exposures, sex chromosomes, sex hormones, as well as sex hormone receptors such as AR. Indeed, gender oncology is emerging as an important aspect of personalised medicine that recognises and addresses such differences in cancer incidence and therapeutic responses ( 147 ). While research has elucidated the role of AR in tumour development and progression, studies have often overlooked the impact of AR signalling on the TME and I/O outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, none of these trials made explicit analysis on how sex or AR affects the outcomes in these cancers. Importantly, though, one study on 23,296 patients enrolled in SWOG trials shows a 49% increased risk of adverse events (AE) in females receiving I/O, especially of haematological AEs ( 146 , 147 ). It is hoped that more prospective studies on the relationship between sex, AR expression and I/O efficacy and AEs can be carried out to further explore the role of AR signalling in cancer immunology and immunotherapy.…”

Section: Ar and Cancer Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex differences in cancer and immunotherapy outcomes: the role of androgen receptor

Zhao,

Wang,

Tan

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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Across the wide range of clinical conditions, there exists a sex imbalance where biological females are more prone to autoimmune diseases and males to some cancers. These discrepancies are the combinatory consequence of lifestyle and environmental factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and oncogenic viruses, as well as other intrinsic biological traits including sex chromosomes and sex hormones. While the emergence of immuno-oncology (I/O) has revolutionised cancer care, the efficacy across multiple cancers may be limited because of a complex, dynamic interplay between the tumour and its microenvironment (TME). Indeed, sex and gender can also influence the varying effectiveness of I/O. Androgen receptor (AR) plays an important role in tumorigenesis and in shaping the TME. Here, we lay out the epidemiological context of sex disparity in cancer and then review the current literature on how AR signalling contributes to such observation via altered tumour development and immunology. We offer insights into AR-mediated immunosuppressive mechanisms, with the hope of translating preclinical and clinical evidence in gender oncology into improved outcomes in personalised, I/O-based cancer care.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ar and Cancer Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%