Gender on the agenda: Media framing of women and women of color in the 2020 U.S. presidential election

Abstract

The results of this article propose three primary findings: first, the news media perpetuates and creates new stereotypes for women and women of color who run for political office; second, female journalists disproportionately write news articles about female candidates compared to their male counterparts; and finally, images of women in online news stories appear to be “vanishing,” with news articles supplementing media elements with videos and infographics.

The influence of Indigenous standpoint: Examining Indian Country press portrayals of Native women in politics

“…Recent research has noted both the perpetuation of stereotypes for women of color in politics (Gibbons, 2022) and the need for further examination of the roles of Native women in Native media (Carter Olson et al, 2022). By bringing these two lines of research together with the findings of this study, journalists and journalism scholars can consider the potential benefits of standpoint theory approaches to journalistic practice and research.…”

“…In more recent times, Kamala Harris faced the same issues as a vice presidential candidate, with a New York Times news analysis examining "Kamala Harris and the 'Double Bind' of Racism and Sexism" (Astor, 2020). In the broader 2020 presidential election cycle, Gibbons (2022) again concluded "the news media perpetuates and creates new stereotypes for women and women of color who run for political office" (p. 3).…”

Outside of the Old Boys Club? Gender Differences in Outside Groups’ Advertising Support for U.S. Senate Candidates

“…Second, though women's media coverage is becoming more balanced (Banwart et al, 2003;Bystrom et al, 2004), gendered challenges remain. Coverage of female candidates continues to draw disproportionate attention to women's appearances (Andrich et al, 2023;Bystrom et al, 2004;Carlin and Winfrey, 2023;van der Pas and Aaldering, 2020), their viability or "electability" (Gibbons, 2022;van der Pas and Aaldering, 2020), likability or warmth (Carlin and Winfrey, 2023;Cassese et al, 2021;Godble et al, 2019), the "novelty" of women in office (Bauer, 2020;Bauer and Taylor, 2023;Gibbons, 2022;O'Regan and Stambough, 2011), and/or women's personal lives (Banwart et al, 2003;Bauer, 2020;Bauer and Taylor, 2023;Gibbons, 2022;van der Pas and Aaldering, 2020). Some trait coverage continues to come at the expense of issues coverage (Dunaway et al, 2013).…”

Gender and Identity Intersectionality: Evidence from the Spanish Press Coverage of Migrant and/or Racialized Women

“…Nielsen (2013) has studied the extent to which the media coverage of Sotomayor's nomination for a seat on the U.S. Supreme Court focused on her Latinness and/or on the fact that she is a woman. 2 By confronting ethnicity and gender as well, but regarding the media coverage of political candidates, Zacharias and Arthurs (2008) have analyzed the rivalry between Obama (a Black candidate from a Kenyan paternal family) and Clinton (a woman) during the 2008 Democratic presidential primaries (see Major and Coleman 2008;Gibbons 2022). Although being a woman or belonging to a minority does not negatively affect the coverage received by candidacies for the US Congress, those who embody the convergence of both identity dimensions do receive less and worse media attention (Gershon 2012).…”