Gender norms, fairness and relative working hours within households

Flèche, Sarah; Lepinteur, Anthony; Powdthavee, Nattavudh

doi:10.1016/j.labeco.2020.101866

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Our results suggest that P-SPH associated with informal employment could have a doble explanation, although this effect is slightly different by sex. While working conditions seem to have a greater impact on men's health probably because they have riskier jobs, in women there could be other determinants such as the burden of double presence of paid and unpaid reproductive work that could be affecting health of informal women [1,20]. These findings are consistent with other studies in Central America, Argentina, Colombia, Uruguay, Chile, and Ecuador that found that men had poorer working conditions than women [21][22][23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Informal Employment, Working Conditions, and Self-Perceived Health: A Cross-Sectional Study in Urban Working Population in Peru

Mayer¹,

Silva-Peñaherrera²,

Ayala-García³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Peru has one of the highest informal employment rates in Latin America (73%). Previous studies have shown higher prevalence of poor self-perceived health (P-SPH) in informal workers compared to formal. The study’s aim is to analyse the role of working conditions in the association between informality and SPH in urban working population in Peru. We conducted a cross-sectional study based on 3098 workers from the working conditions survey of Peru 2017. Prevalence of P-SPH and exposure to poor working conditions were calculated separated by formal and informal employment and stratified by sex. Poisson regression models were used to assess the association between P-SPH and informal employment, with its prevalence ratios (PR) crude and adjusted for working conditions. Informal employment was 76% in women and 66% in men. Informal workers were more exposed to poor working conditions than formals and reported worse SPH. Workers in informal employment showed higher risk of P-SPH than formals: PR 1.38 [95% CI: 1.16 – 1.64] in women and PR 1.27 [95% CI: 1.08 – 1.49] in men. Adjustment by working conditions weakened the association in both sexes. In women, this association was only partially explained by worse working conditions 1.23 [95% CI: 1.04 – 1.46]. The negative effect on informal workers’ health is partially explained by poor working conditions. However, there is a part of the effect explained by informality per se.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Informal Employment, Working Conditions, and Self-Perceived Health: A Cross-Sectional Study in Urban Working Population in Peru

Mayer¹,

Silva-Peñaherrera²,

Ayala-García³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Galván and Garcıá-Pe ñalosa (2020) examine the interaction between different identity norms in the USA, showing that while motherhood generates very strong responses in terms of the intensive and the extensive margins of labour supply, the effect of the male breadwinner norm is highly contextualized. Also focusing on the USA, Fleche et al (2020) find that women report significantly lower life satisfaction from working relative longer hours than their husbands, providing evidence of women's aversion to a situation where they work more.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…2015; Hederos‐Eriksson and Stenberg 2015; Fleche et al . 2020). As I show here, however, the male breadwinner norm also affects the quality of jobs in which women are employed (above and beyond the quantity of employment), and particularly for less‐educated women, which might have important welfare implications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Identity and Quality of Employment

Galván

2021

Economica

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Studies for high-income countries have shown that the prescription that a man should earn more than his wife holds back women's performance in the labour market, evidencing the importance of gender identity norms in explaining persistent gender gaps. Using data on couples in Uruguay for the period 1986-2016, this paper analyses behavioural responses to the male breadwinner norm, investigating the role of job informality as an additional mechanism of response to gender norms. My results show that the higher the probability that the wife earns more than her husband, the less likely she is to engage in a formal job, providing evidence that gender norms affect not only the quantity of labour supply (i.e. labour force participation and hours of work), but also the quality of jobs in which women are employed. Moreover, I also identify meaningful effects of the norm on men: those with lower potential earnings than their wives react to the norm by self-selecting into better-paid formal jobs. Not considering these effects would lead to underestimating the consequences of gender norms on labour market inequalities in the context of developing countries.

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“…We wish to relate the objective index of country well-being given by the HDI to a number of different measures of subjective well-being reported by that country's inhabitants in that year. The first of these is the average Cantril Ladder figure from the Gallup World Poll (as (Clark, 2016;Flèche et al, 2020). We will also consider a second cognitive-evaluative measure, national average life-satisfaction scores from the World Values Surveys, although this data is available for a smaller number of countries and years.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Satisfaction and the Human Development Index Across the World

Yin

Lepinteur

Clark

et al. 2021

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology

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We use annual data on over 150 countries between 2005 and 2018 to look at the relationship between subjective well-being (both cognitive and affective) and the Human Development Index (HDI). The HDI appears to be more closely related to cognitive than affective well-being. We also consider the relationships between the three HDI components (the Income, Health, and Education Indices) and well-being, and find that, on average, the Income Index has the strongest predictive power. Importantly, we find that the three HDI components only matter equally in Western and rich countries. Our analysis contributes to the discussion about cultural sensitivity in paradigms of societal development in two ways. We first show that differences in preferences toward development aims exist. Second, we propose a weighting procedure for a culturally-sensitive version of the HDI.

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Gender norms, fairness and relative working hours within households

Cited by 28 publications

References 50 publications

Informal Employment, Working Conditions, and Self-Perceived Health: A Cross-Sectional Study in Urban Working Population in Peru

Informal Employment, Working Conditions, and Self-Perceived Health: A Cross-Sectional Study in Urban Working Population in Peru

Gender Identity and Quality of Employment

Life Satisfaction and the Human Development Index Across the World

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