Gender norms associated with adolescent sexual behaviours in Uganda

Nalukwago, Judith; Crutzen, Rik; Borne, Bart van den; Bukuluki, Paul; Bufumbo, Leonard; Burke, Holly M.; Field, Samuel; Zikusooka, Amos; Fiedler, Anne A.; Alaii, Jane

doi:10.1111/issj.12203

Cited by 26 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…These findings may be a reflection of norms shifting–which corroborates with findings from the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey, that show a decrease in acceptance of violence from 77% to 49% of women and from 64% to 41% of men between 2000/2001 and 2016 [ 74 ]. Our findings also show a positive relationship between education and contestation of violence—likelihood to justify physical violence was less likely among respondents with primary, secondary and tertiary education than those with no education [ 72 ]. This suggests that education is likely to play a positive role in shaping positive femininities and masculinities that are less accepting and tolerant to physical violence against women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…This paper demonstrates the multiple factors that justify violence against women, including the socio-demographic and attitudinal factors that support physical violence against women [ 20 , 24 , 41 ]. The study describes several socio demographic factors that are associated with justification of violence against women including marital status, employment status and educational attainment [ 23 , 44 , 45 , 72 ]. For example, those who were married at the time of the survey reported less support for tolerance of violence against women than those who were single at the time of survey.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An examination of physical violence against women and its justification in development settings in Uganda

et al. 2021

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This paper uses data from a community cross-sectional survey to examine the factors that are associated with justification of physical violence against women. Results indicate that respondents who were married at the time of the survey were less likely (OR = 0.29; CI = 0.17–0.52) to agree that it is justified for a man to physically assault his partner that their counterparts who were single. The likelihood to justify physical violence was less likely to happen among respondents with primary education (OR = 0.49; CI = 0.39–0.62), secondary education (OR = 0.40; CI = 0.31–0.53) and vocation or tertiary education (OR = 0.28; CI = 0.19–0.41) than among respondents with no education. Protestants were less likely (OR = 0.77; CI = 0.64–0.94) to justify physical violence than the Catholics. Respondents who were not formally employed were more likely (OR = 1.66; CI = 1.32–2.08) to justify physical violence than their counterparts who were in formal employment in the last three months preceding the survey. Respondents who agreed that it is okay for a man to control his partner’s movements (OR = 1.27; CI = 1.04–1.55), it is okay for a man to have sex with his wife anytime (OR = 2.28; CI = 1.87–2.78), alcohol is the main reason for violence against women (OR = 1.67; CI = 1.33–2.10), men need sex more than women (OR = 1.57; CI = 1.23–1.99) and women know where to obtain support in case of violence (OR = 1.42; CI = 1.00–2.02) were more likely to justify physical violence than respondents who disagreed. The likelihood to justify physical violence was less among respondents who agreed that: violence is not the only way to deal with disagreements (OR = 0.54; CI = 0.33–0.86), it is possible for men to stop violence (OR = 0.62; CI = 0.47–0.82) and it is acceptable for a woman to ask her partner to use a condom (OR = 0.61; CI = 0.51–0.73) than their counterparts who disagreed. There is need to increase investment in social norms change programmes in order to strengthen contestation of tolerance of physical violence among men and women in Uganda.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An examination of physical violence against women and its justification in development settings in Uganda

et al. 2021

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“…The questionnaire collected demographic data, reported sexual behaviour, engagement with HIV testing and treatment services, alcohol consumption, HIV knowledge, attitudes to gender equity using the Gender-Equitable Men Scale (GEMS) and a measure of depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), which have both been tested and implemented in South Africa [40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. Respondents also indicated their agreement with a series of attitude statements on a 5-point Likert scale, which were written to measure men's attitudes to the relevant domains of the TDF.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting interventions for HIV testing and treatment uptake: An attitudinal and behavioural segmentation of men aged 20–34 in KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga, South Africa

et al. 2021

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Despite recent improvements, men still have worse HIV outcomes than women in South Africa. This study describes how young men form distinct behavioural and attitudinal subgroups, and is intended to inform the design of targeted interventions to encourage HIV testing and initiation on antiretroviral therapy. Data were collected using a cross-sectional survey with questions on men’s attitudes, beliefs and behaviours around HIV/AIDS. A total of 2,019 men were randomly sampled from eight district municipalities in KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga provinces between October 2018 and January 2019. Men were eligible to participate if they were aged 20–34, Black African, had an education level below university graduation, were aware of HIV and were willing to disclose whether they had tested for HIV. Each participant responded to a questionnaire asking about their demographic characteristics, reported sexual behaviour, engagement with HIV testing and treatment services, alcohol consumption, HIV knowledge, attitudes to gender equity and reported level of depressive symptoms. Data were analysed using canonical correlation, hierarchical clustering and factor analysis techniques to produce five groups of men. The results were synthesised using Human Centred Design principles to suggests areas for potential intervention for each segment. The results showed that men vary based on their attitudes to gender and masculinity, use of alcohol, testing and treatment behaviour, HIV-related fears and preferences for testing modalities. Segment 1 (21%) avoids the topic of HIV, perhaps fearful of the impact on his life. Segment 2 (23%) is well connected to his community and has social concerns about HIV. Segment 3 (15%) struggles with more distal determinants of HIV acquisition such as unemployment and poor mental health. Segment 4 (25%) has concerns about the lifestyle changes that would be required if he were HIV positive. Segment 5 (16%) has a strong traditional mindset and is fearful of the ramifications of HIV in his community. The results will be used to design targeted interventions to increase HIV testing and treatment rates among young men in South Africa. Further research is required to understand the impact of interventions designed in this way.

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“…Socio-cultural values have consistently been cited as a barrier to contraceptives in Sub-Saharan Africa [10,16,[47][48][49]. This study observes these perceived barriers under an African Feminist lens, which seeks to evaluate what aspects of African society unjustly impact women while conserving a sense of identity with African culture and tradition [26].…”

Section: Gender Inequality and The Importance Of Gender Inclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gender inequality has a significant impact on the prevalence of modern contraception use among rural women. Consequently, the power imbalances that result from gender inequality often inhibits women’s ability to negotiate safe sex, therefore putting her more at risk for unintended pregnancy or sexually transmitted infections such as HIV/AIDS [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding perceived access barriers to contraception through an African feminist lens: a qualitative study in Uganda

Potasse

Yaya

2021

BMC Public Health

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Background There are many barriers that impact a woman’s access to contraception in rural sub-Saharan Africa, such as financial constraints, supply shortages, stigma, and misconceptions. Through and African Feminist lens, this study examines how these perceived barriers intersect with each other, and how they negatively impact women’s access to family planning and their perceived value of contraceptives in Luweero, Uganda. Methods This qualitative study analyzed data collected from healthcare workers at one private clinic and one public clinic that offer family planning services in four focus group discussions in Luweero, Central Region, Uganda. Two focus group discussions were held in each clinic. Eligible participants spoke English, were at least 18 years of age, and had at least 3 years of experience as a healthcare worker in Luweero. Among the participants were nurses, midwives, family planning counsellors, and village health workers, both male and female. Coded transcripts were analyzed using a reflexive methodology through an African Feminist lens. Results Most of the responses indicated that financial constraints experienced either by the clinic or the women significantly impact access to family planning. Certain social barriers were discussed, and the participants explained that barriers such as stigma, misconceptions, lack of knowledge, religiosity and cultural values impact women’s motivation or ability to access contraceptive methods. Side effects also have a significant role to play in women’s ability or motivation to navigate through these perceived social barriers. Conclusions Participants determined that increased funding for transportation for village health teams, consistent funding for free contraception, and expanded sensitization efforts that particularly target men would be some of the most impactful methods they can adapt to address some of these barriers.

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Gender norms associated with adolescent sexual behaviours in Uganda

Cited by 26 publications

References 30 publications

An examination of physical violence against women and its justification in development settings in Uganda

An examination of physical violence against women and its justification in development settings in Uganda

Targeting interventions for HIV testing and treatment uptake: An attitudinal and behavioural segmentation of men aged 20–34 in KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga, South Africa

Understanding perceived access barriers to contraception through an African feminist lens: a qualitative study in Uganda

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