Gender Nonconformity, Perceived Stigmatization, and Psychological Well-Being in Dutch Sexual Minority Youth and Young Adults: A Mediation Analysis

Baams, Laura; Beek, Titia F.; Hille, Helene; Zevenbergen, Felice; Bos, Henny

doi:10.1007/s10508-012-0055-z

Cited by 93 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…This is in contrast with the findings of Strang et al (2014) who did not find increased emotional problems and argued that due to reduced awareness of gender and gender nonconformity among individuals with ASD with increased endorsement of Item 110, they might experience less stigma. Still, the current literature on gender nonconformity gives ample evidence for reduced psychological well-being mainly mediated by experienced stigma (e.g., Baams, Beek, Hille, Zevenbergen, & Bos, 2013), experienced victimization, and ostracism (e.g., Toomey, Ryan, Diaz, Card, & Russell, 2010). Children and adolescents with GD show more self-destructive behavior, including self-harm and suicide attempts (Scourfield, Roen, & McDermott, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of the Wish to be of the Opposite Gender in Adolescents and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder

et al. 2018

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Several studies have suggested an overrepresentation of (symptoms of) autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among individuals with gender dysphoria. Three studies have taken the inverse approach in children with ASD and showed increased parent report of the wish to be of the opposite gender in this group. This study compared the self-reported wish to be of the opposite gender (one item of the Youth Self-Report [YSR] and the Adult Self-Report [ASR]) of 573 adolescents (469 assigned boys and 104 assigned girls) and 807 adults (616 assigned males and 191 assigned females) with ASD to 1016 adolescents and 846 adults from the general population. Emotional and behavioral problems were measured by the DSM-oriented scales of the YSR and ASR. In addition, the Children’s Social Behavior Questionnaire and the Adult Social Behavior Questionnaire were used to measure specific subdomains of the ASD spectrum to test whether specific subdomains of ASD were particularly involved. Significantly more adolescents (6.5%) and adults (11.4%) with ASD endorsed this item as compared to the general population (3–5%). In adolescents, assigned girls endorsed this item more than assigned boys. No significant gender differences were found in the adults with ASD. In addition, on all DSM-oriented scales of both the YSR and ASR, adolescents and adults with ASD who endorsed the gender item had significantly higher scores compared to those without. There were no significant associations between endorsement of the gender item and any specific subdomain of ASD, providing no evidence for a sole role of one of the ASD subdomains and endorsement of the wish to be the opposite gender.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of the Wish to be of the Opposite Gender in Adolescents and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder

et al. 2018

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“…Specifically, when children and youth perceive such negative stereotypes they experience negative consequences for their wellbeing and psychological adjustment (e.g., Baams, Beek, Hille, Zevenbergen, & Bos, 2013;Major & O'Brien, 2005;Puhl & King, 2013). However, such effects vary in accordance with personal characteristics and the coping strategies deployed to deal with such images (Major & O'Brien, 2005).…”

Section: Social Images: Definitions and Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social images of residential care: How children, youth and residential care institutions are portrayed?

Calheiros

Garrido

Lopes

et al. 2015

Children and Youth Services Review

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“…16 Gender nonconforming adolescents also experience higher rates of abuse. 2,9,17,18 Because gender expression in childhood is associated with sexual orientation in adolescence, 19 early gender nonconforming behavior may make children targets of abuse before a youth's disclosure or awareness of their sexual orientation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Disparities for LGBTQ and Gender Nonconforming Adolescents

Baams

2018

Pediatrics

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OBJECTIVES:To identify patterns of childhood adversity in a sample of adolescents and assess disparities in these experiences for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning adolescents and by level of gender nonconformity.METHOD By using the cross-sectional, statewide, anonymous 2016 Minnesota Student Survey, 81 885 students were included in the current study (50.59% male; mean age = 15.51). Participants were enrolled in grades 9 and 11 in a total of 348 schools. RESULTS:Four patterns of childhood adversity were identified with sex-stratified latent class analyses (entropy = 0.833 males; 0.833 females), ranging from relatively low levels of abuse (85.3% males; 80.1% females) to polyvictimization (0.84% males; 1.98% females). A regression analysis showed that compared with heterosexual adolescents, gay, lesbian, bisexual, and questioning adolescents were more likely to be classified into profiles characterized by polyvictimization (odds ratio [OR] 1.81-7.53) and psychological and/ or physical abuse (OR 1.29-3.12), than no or low adversity. Similarly, compared with nontransgender adolescents, transgender adolescents were more likely to be classified into profiles characterized by patterns of polyvictimization (OR 1.49-2.91) and psychological and/or physical abuse (OR 1.23-1.96). A higher level of gender nonconformity predicted a higher likelihood of being classified into each adversity profile compared with the no or low adversity profile (OR 1.14-1.45). CONCLUSIONS:Sexual minority adolescents and adolescents with high levels of gender nonconformity are vulnerable to experience adversity. The disparities for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning adolescents and adolescents with high gender nonconformity highlight the variation in patterns of childhood adversity that these youth are at risk of experiencing. The findings reveal the need for further research on the benefits and harm of screening for childhood adversity by physicians and pediatricians.abstract Pedagogy and Educational Sciences,

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Gender Nonconformity, Perceived Stigmatization, and Psychological Well-Being in Dutch Sexual Minority Youth and Young Adults: A Mediation Analysis

Cited by 93 publications

References 42 publications

Prevalence of the Wish to be of the Opposite Gender in Adolescents and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Prevalence of the Wish to be of the Opposite Gender in Adolescents and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Social images of residential care: How children, youth and residential care institutions are portrayed?

Disparities for LGBTQ and Gender Nonconforming Adolescents

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