Gender motivational traits of the disabled with lower limbs structural and functional deficiencies

Abstract

Aim. To define the motivational and gender differences in patients with limb loss. Methods. 318 patients [male - 267 (83.3%), female - 51 (16.7%)] with lower limbs structural and functional deficiencies admitted for prosthetics surgery to prosthetic and orthopedics center «Reabilitaciya invalidov», Kazan, Russia, from 2008 to 2010 were included in the study. Empiric data on motivational features were gained using questionnaires and test examinations of 191 patients aged form 18 to 66 years. Quality of life, personality traits, emotional and motivational health, natural, and social and cultural environment were assessed. Results. Marked need for affiliation was typical for patients with high anxiety levels (r=0.15, p 0.05) and emotive (r=0.17, p 0.01) personalities and is decreased in rigid personalities (r=-0.26, p 0.01). There was a negative correlation between the urge of being accepted by others and the need for success (r=-0.19, p 0.05). Affiliate need in women was relevantly higher compared to men (t=2.87, p 0.05). The strong negative correlation of the need to be accepted by others and motivation for achievement was noticed in women (r=-0.46, p 0.01), in men the difference was not significant (r=-0.11). Demonstrative (r=0.21, p 0.05) and hyperthymic (r=0.24, p 0.01) personalities were more often focused on achievement and success. Pedantic (r=-0.23, p 0.01), anxious (r=-0.28, p 0.01) and cyclothymic (r=-0.28, p 0.01) traits were associated with the motivation for tranquility. Motivation for achievement was relevantly higher in men (t=-2.82, p 0.05). High personal anxiety (r=-0.38, p 0.05) and depression (r=-0.36, p 0.05) were characteristic for women with predominant tranquility motivation. A negative correlation of degree of motivation for achievement and situational (r=-0.23, p 0.01) and personal (r=-0.19, p 0.05) anxiety, as well as depression (r=-0.36, p 0.001) was found in men. This concludes that depression and anxiety decrease the willingness to success in patients of both genders. Conclusion. When planning a rehabilitation program for disabled, gender differences should be taken into account, because connection between motivation for achievement, affiliation, personal traits, emotional traits and physical activity parameters are different in men and women.

Opening the (Muslim) woman’s space—The Soviet politics of emancipation in the 1920s–1930s

“…Together with schools, Tatar women were also visiting libraries, and became more and more included in charitable activities (see Biktimirova, 2011). From 1913 onward, the journal for women, Suyum-bike , started to be published in Kazan.…”

“…The biggest part of the scholarly knowledge about the Volga-Ural region analyzes Russian imperial politics and the development of modernization ideas in the region (see Ro’i, 2004; Tuna, 2015). The modernizers’ ( jadidist ) educational reforms and their thinking about progress of the nation and gender 1 became the focus of several important publications produced in Tatarstan (Biktimirova, 2011; Gimazova, 2004; Makhmutova, 2003, 2006; see also Rorlich, 2004). These works showed that at the beginning of the 20th century, the Tatar society experienced important changes with respect to views on a woman’s education and her role in the progress of the nation.…”

“…These works showed that at the beginning of the 20th century, the Tatar society experienced important changes with respect to views on a woman’s education and her role in the progress of the nation. Indeed, Alta Makhmutova (2003, 2006) and Tamina Biktimirova (2011) analyzed biographies of some socially active and well-educated Tatar women, and showed that their educational, cultural, and charitable activities were highly evaluated by the national leaders, including Muslim politicians, modernist Islamic scholars, and intellectuals. Another important area of research was the All-Russian Muslim women’s congress, which took place in Kazan in April of 1917 (Faizov, 2005; Kamp, 2015; Makhmutova, 2006).…”

“…At the same time, a part of the scholarly knowledge indicates the complexity and contradictions of Soviet emancipation. For example, some of the women who became teachers and social activists, thanks to Jadidist reforms, were later taking part in the Bolshevik emancipation campaign as activists for work among women, journalists, or teachers (Biktimirova, 2011; on Bashkortostan see Suleimanova, 2006). Even if a lot of data are missing, published studies and biographical materials suggest, for example, that some of the women who took part in the Congress of Muslim women in Kazan in April 1917 continued their activities after the Bolsheviks took power, for example, Maryam Zainullina and Zahida Burnasheva.…”