Gender, Migration and Multiple Livelihoods: Cases from Eastern and Southern Africa

Francis, Elizabeth

doi:10.1080/00220380412331322551

Cited by 58 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Arising from this desire to build an understanding of livelihood vulnerability, is the corollary wish to identify strategies of 'coping' (Ellis, 1998). Cross-cutting all these three strands of work, scholarship on livelihoods in the global South also sometimes examines the gendered (Francis, 2002), generational (Bounthong et al, 2004), spatial (Agergaard et al, 2010) and sectoral (Ellis, 2000) permutations that comprise making a living. What, we argue, is more rarely undertaken is an interrogation of the changing roots of vulnerability and the different processes through which vulnerability is produced and reproduced.…”

Section: Framing Vulnerability and Precaritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Between a rock and a hard place: Vulnerability and precarity in rural Nepal

et al. 2016

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Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. AbstractDrawing on a local study on Nepal's Terai, this paper explores the nature of livelihood exposure to shocks and stresses amongst rural households in two Village Development Committees in Sunsari District. The primary data are derived from a 117 household survey supplemented by 19 purposefully sampled follow-up interviews. The paper opens with a discussion of the changing nature of exposure in the global South, distinguishing between inherited vulnerability and produced precarity. We then provide background to the research site and the research methods. In the core empirical part of the paper we unravel and distinguish between the livelihood threats and opportunities faced by households in the area and use these to reflect on the nature of 'exposure', its historical origins and contemporary (re)production. The final part of the paper uses the Nepal case to build a more general argument, proposing that if we are to understand the puzzle of continued livelihood exposure and uncertainty in the context of aggregate economic expansion we need to identify and interrogate the processes that may, at the same time, produce wealth and reduce vulnerability, while also generating precarity.

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Section: Framing Vulnerability and Precaritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Between a rock and a hard place: Vulnerability and precarity in rural Nepal

et al. 2016

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“…In addition, financially supporting their households significantly limits the amount of excess capital available to finance start-ups. Most women have also not obtained the proper education or developed the necessary skill-set to run their own businesses (Francis, 2002). Agricultural ventures, which are of particular interest to women since they are traditionally responsible for the production of food crops, are impacted by environmental and geographical factors beyond women's control.…”

Section: Challenges With Expansion Of Women's Traditional Rolesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Income Generating Activities of Rural Kenyan Women

Stokes¹,

Lauff²,

Eldridge³

et al. 2015

JSD

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The proportion of female-headed households is rising dramatically in sub-Saharan Africa, making women's income generating activities an increasingly important area of study. As women transition into the role of head-of-household, their traditional activities are augmented with the responsibility of being the breadwinner, and their successes become inextricably linked to the wellbeing of the entire household. In order to create sustainable development programs and policies that support women in this new role, an understanding of women's current income generating activities must be established. This article seeks to do that through answering two questions. First, how do rural Kenyan women earn a livelihood? And second, what influences a woman's decision to spend time, sweat, and energy on certain income-generating activities? The findings suggest that there are several underlying factors influencing women's livelihoods and livelihood-related choices. Some of these factors include prioritizing relationships over occupation, identifying positive factors about their current income generating activities (i.e. comfort, extra food, flexible schedule), and planning for dependents rather than themselves. Moreover, the level of education and number of income generating activities directly impact the total income. These findings allow us to better understand the motivations and influences over the choices of work, as well as initiate a conversation on micro franchise opportunities in developing nations.

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“…After her housework is done she waits for visitors. Me'Mamosieoua said that the women have slowed down because they do not have the freedom to act as independent decision-makers or heads of households (see also Francis, 2002). Opportunities are in retreat and much time is consumed in catering for their husband's needs.…”

Section: Fieldwork Narrative and Emerging Themesmentioning

confidence: 99%