Gender, locus of control and smoking habits of undergraduate students

Abstract

Health psychologists believe that a significant proportion of human morbidity and mortality could be significantly reduced and humans' quality of life greatly enhanced if people could be helped to correct their health-impairing habits and behaviours, such as smoking and other forms of substance abuse. The present study investigated the influence of gender and locus of control on smoking habit of 230 smoking student-patrons of two relaxation centers in Ago-Iwoye, the host community of Olabisi Onabanjo University. Participants were 137 (59.6%) male and 93 (40.4%) female students with a mean age of 24.93 (SD = 4.58). Relevant data were collected using snowballing technique over an eight-week period, with a standardized, three-sectioned questionnaire. Results showed that locus of control had a significant influence on smoking habit {t (2,226) = 21.21, p<0.05}, with internals reporting significantly and relatively higher on smoking habits than externals. Results further showed that there was no significant difference of gender on smoking habit among undergraduate students {t (2,228) = 3.83, p>0.05}. These and other findings in the study were discussed and their implications for intervention programmes on smoking reduction or (and) cessation were highlighted.

The Use of E-Cigarettes among High School Students in Poland Is Associated with Health Locus of Control but Not with Health Literacy: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…The importance of HLC as a predictor of the smoking of conventional cigarettes among the general population and adolescents has been reported earlier by many authors [21][22][23][24][25][26][27]29]. Usually, they confirmed that higher CHLC was related to the higher likelihood of smoking.…”

“…Eiser et al observed, among a large group of school students 11-16 years old, that smokers, compared to non-smokers, showed lower OHLC and IHLC and higher belief in the importance of a "chance" influence on their health outcomes [25]. Many more recent studies confirmed a significant association between external HLC and smoking habits among youths and young adults [26][27][28][29]. Unfortunately, the relationship between HLC and the proclivity towards the use of e-cigarettes has not been reported on yet.…”

Addiction and Voluntariness: Five “Challenges” to Address in Moving the Discussion Forward

“…Self-efficacy scale 95 Unidimensional Situational confidence questionnaire 96 8 -(5 Intrapersonal factors) negative emotional states, testing personal control, urges and temptations, positive emotional states, negative physical states + (3 interpersonal factors) interpersonal conflict, social pressure to drink and positive emotional states Drinking self-efficacy questionnaire 97 3 -Social pressure, opportunistic drinking and emotional relief Relapse situation efficacy questionnaire 98 7 -Negative affect, positive affect, restrictive situations, idle time, social/food, low arousal and craving Drinking refusal self-efficacy questionnaire revised 99 3 -Opportunistic drinking, social pressure and emotional relief Alcohol abstinence self-efficacy 100 4-Negative affect, social aspect, physical aspect and withdrawal and urges Confidence inventory revised 101 3 -Social aspect, negative/affective and habit/addictive Refusal skills scale 102 Not reported Confidence questionnaire 103 7 -Restlessness, intrapersonal negative mood states, crutch, time structuring, social, interpersonal negative mood states, self-image Self-regulation Self-regulation questionnaire 104,105 7 -Receiving relevant information, evaluating the information and comparing it to norms, triggering change, searching for options, formulating a plan, implementing the plan, assessing the plan's effectiveness Self-regulation inventory 106 5 -Positive action, controllability, expression of feelings and needs, assertiveness and well-being seeking Volition Volition components inventory 107 3 -Self-regulation, self-control, volitional inhibition 65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80 Exploring voluntariness as captured through FW…”

Cognitive behavioral therapy for challenges to quitting tobacco smoking among social science and religion students

“…Hence, early use of tobacco increases the likelihood of contracting non-communicable diseases and greater chances of morbidity and mortality. [20] Other health problems associated with tobacco use and dependence include the development of cardiovascular diseases, [21,22] chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, many forms of cancer (e.g., lung, trachea, and bronchus cancers), [20,[23][24][25][26] as well as major disabling conditions, such as dementia, blindness (macular degeneration), deafness, peripheral vascular disease (leading to amputations), stroke, and premature death, [11] and therefore presents a major public health concern.…”