Gender Issues in Tuberculosis

Thorson, Anna

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16438-0_8

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…The study found a higher prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among female participants (53.3%) compared to male participants (46.6%). The higher prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among females might be attributed to various factors such as hormonal differences, social and cultural factors affecting healthcare-seeking behavior, and possibly occupational exposure [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of anaemia among symptomatic pulmonary tuberculosis patients at Weija Gbawe Municipal Hospital in Accra, Ghana

Courage Seyram Asase,

Timothy Bukari Ebobabaara,

Bright Darko Amoah

et al. 2023

World J. Adv. Res. Rev.

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In Ghana, TB remains a substantial healthcare challenge, with an incidence rate of 136 cases per 100,000 people. Anaemia is prevalent among TB patients, impacting their health and recovery. Anaemia can lead to fatigue, weakness, and compromised immunity, all critical concerns for TB patients. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of anaemia among pulmonary TB patients at Weija Gbawe Municipal Hospital in Accra, Ghana. Among the participants, 22.6% were found to have pulmonary TB, with the majority not showing resistance to rifampicin (95.5%), a primary treatment drug. Females had a higher prevalence of TB (53.3%), possibly due to hormonal and social factors. Participants over 66 years had a high prevalence, likely due to weakened immune systems associated with aging. Anaemia was prevalent among participants, especially females, and it was more common among TB patients (68.8%) compared to non-TB patients. Normocytic anaemia was the most common type among TB patients, followed by microcytic anaemia, suggesting potential iron metabolism issues. This study provides valuable insights into the prevalence of anemia among TB patients and the distribution of different types of anaemia in this population. Understanding these factors can aid in better management and treatment of TB patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of anaemia among symptomatic pulmonary tuberculosis patients at Weija Gbawe Municipal Hospital in Accra, Ghana

Courage Seyram Asase,

Timothy Bukari Ebobabaara,

Bright Darko Amoah

et al. 2023

World J. Adv. Res. Rev.

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“…Previous treatment with a second-line injectable drug is the strongest risk factor for XDR-TB 80 , however various studies have linked being female as another major risk factor for MDR and XDR-TB. 81,82 Treatment needs to be offered in ways that maximises patient adherence to improve positive TB treatment outcome rates. Social factors due to work schedules of men and fear of stigma for women need to be considered and addressed, in order to provide appropriate interventions for both sexes and reduce treatment dropout rates.…”

Section: Sex Differences In Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Bias in Tuberculosis in the Developing World

Shaw¹,

Purdy²

2019

AJUR

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Tuberculosis (TB), the most deadly global single organism infectious disease, kills nearly twice as many men as women. Understanding the factors that drive this bias in TB mortality is an important aspect of the global effort to reduce the enormous burden of this disease in the developing world. One third of the world’s population is estimated to be infected TB, with Low and Middle Income Countries (LMIC) bearing the greatest disease burden. In LMIC sex bias in TB is influenced by sociocultural, behavioural as well as biological factors, with dynamic interactions between reporting variables, other confounding variables and physiological mechanisms, which each influence one another to produce the male-biased sex ratio observed in TB transmission, prevalence and mortality. While confounding factors are addressed in the existing global drive to tackle TB it is the biological aspects of sex bias in TB that present specific challenges for diagnosis and treatment in men and women as they potentially influence future immunological-based interventions to treat TB.

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“…Generally, research shows that TB prevalence in females through the middle of the twentieth century was higher, after which it reversed, leading to higher TB prevalence in males (Holmes et al, 1998). Explanations for this shift range from the epidemiological to the pathological, suggesting that bias in reporting and healthcare‐reporting and ‐seeking behavior between sexes changed over the course of the 20th century as TB became reportable (e.g., Mechanic, 1978; Thorson, 2015), and even that TB disease progresses more rapidly in females of reproductive age and in males of older ages (e.g., Cobelens et al, 2018; Fine, 1993). It is possible that, by the mid‐20th century, antibiotic treatments for TB could have reduced these sex‐based differences (Iseman, 2002), but there is little historical research on this topic and there are likely more complex determinants at play, as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex‐based tuberculosis mortality in Newfoundland, 1900–1949: Implications for populations in transition

van Doren

2023

American J Hum Biol

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ObjectiveDuring the second epidemiological transition, tuberculosis (TB) is one disease that declined substantially enough to reduce all‐cause mortality. Sex‐based differences in TB mortality may reveal an important dimension of population health transitions between the urbanizing and rural regions of Newfoundland.Materials and MethodsFor the island of Newfoundland, yearly age‐standardized sex‐based TB mortality rates were calculated using individual death records from 1900 to 1949 (n = 30 393). Multiple linear regression models predict the relative rates (RR) of sex‐based mortality and the absolute difference between males and females while controlling for time and region (the urbanizing Avalon Peninsula or rural Newfoundland). Multiple linear regression models also predict the median age at death from TB while controlling for time, region, and sex to assess if TB was shifting to an older adult disease compared to those typically afflicted in ages 20–44.ResultsFemale TB mortality was relatively and absolutely higher than males; additionally, RR and absolute differences between male and female mortality were significantly lower in rural Newfoundland than the Avalon Peninsula. Median age at death for males was significantly higher than females, and differences in median age at death increased over time.DiscussionThe historically high prevalence of TB throughout Newfoundland, including domestic, social, and public health responsibilities of women, likely contributed to increased exposure and transmission, leading to higher observed mortality. Sex‐based TB outcomes should be considered in the discussion of the progression of the epidemiological transition as dynamic inequalities that do not necessarily fit contemporary generalizations of sex‐based TB epidemiology.

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Gender Issues in Tuberculosis

Cited by 5 publications

References 66 publications

Prevalence of anaemia among symptomatic pulmonary tuberculosis patients at Weija Gbawe Municipal Hospital in Accra, Ghana

Prevalence of anaemia among symptomatic pulmonary tuberculosis patients at Weija Gbawe Municipal Hospital in Accra, Ghana

Sex Bias in Tuberculosis in the Developing World

Sex‐based tuberculosis mortality in Newfoundland, 1900–1949: Implications for populations in transition

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