Gender issues in cardiovascular diseases. Focus on energy metabolism

Ventura‐Clapier, Renée; Piquereau, Jérôme; Garnier, Anne; Mericskay, Mathias; Lemaire, Christophe; Crozatier, B.

doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165722

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Since males showed higher expression of genes associated with the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex as compared to females [ 49 ] and consumed more carbohydrates and amino acids during endurance training [ 54 , 55 , 56 ], we suggest that women’s higher longevity and a slower rate of aging are associated with the less efficient oxidation of fatty acids and thus slower rates of oxidative stress. However, this conclusion regards only women at the reproductive stage, when women are “protected” [ 61 ]. Ventura-Clapier et al (2020) stated that “apart from comparisons between males and females, there is a crucial need to study female physiology and woman pathology.…”

Section: Sex-specific Differences In the Rates Of Aging And Longevitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Syndrome and β-Oxidation of Long-Chain Fatty Acids in the Brain, Heart, and Kidney Mitochondria

Panov

Mayorov

Dikalov

2022

IJMS

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We present evidence that metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents the postreproductive stage of the human postembryonic ontogenesis. Accordingly, the genes governing this stage experience relatively weak evolutionary selection pressure, thus representing the metabolic phenotype of distant ancestors with β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids (FAs) as the primary energy source. Mitochondria oxidize at high-rate FAs only when succinate, glutamate, or pyruvate are present. The heart and brain mitochondria work at a wide range of functional loads and possess an intrinsic inhibition of complex II to prevent oxidative stress at periods of low functional activity. Kidney mitochondria constantly work at a high rate and lack inhibition of complex II. We suggest that in people with MetS, oxidative stress is the central mechanism of the heart and brain pathologies. Oxidative stress is a secondary pathogenetic mechanism in the kidney, while the primary mechanisms are kidney hypoxia caused by persistent hyperglycemia and hypertension. Current evidence suggests that most of the nongenetic pathologies associated with MetS originate from the inconsistencies between the metabolic phenotype acquired after the transition to the postreproductive stage and excessive consumption of food rich in carbohydrates and a sedentary lifestyle.

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Section: Sex-specific Differences In the Rates Of Aging And Longevitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Syndrome and β-Oxidation of Long-Chain Fatty Acids in the Brain, Heart, and Kidney Mitochondria

Panov

Mayorov

Dikalov

2022

IJMS

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“…Since males showed higher expression of genes associated with the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, as compared to females [111], and consume more carbohydrates and amino acids during endurance training [116][117][118] we can suggest that women's higher longevity and slower rate of aging is associated with the less efficient oxidation of fatty acids and thus slower rates of oxidative stress. However, this conclusion evidently regards only women at the reproductive stage, when, according to Ventura-Clapier et al (2020), women are "protected" [122]. These authors also stated that "apart from comparisons between males and females, there is a crucial need for studying the female physiology and woman pathology.…”

Section: Sex Differences In Substrate Utilization During Physical Actmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among mammalians the human females have a unique duration of postreproductive longevity [140], which is probably to a large degree associated with the metabolic "protection" that caused slower rate of aging at the reproductive period [122]. There are several reasons to argue that both the accelerated rate of aging of men and the relatively slow aging of women, as well as other sex differences in metabolism and physical performance, are based on the sex differences in fatty acids metabolism.…”

Section: Features Of Fatty Acids Metabolism That Increase Mets Symptomentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Syndrome as the First Stage of Eldership; the Beginning of Real Aging

Panov¹,

Darenskaya²,

Dikalov³

et al. 2021

Update in Geriatrics

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The history of active worldwide scientific research on mechanisms of aging and the age-associated diseases counts more than five decades. Of these, among the numerous theories of aging, at least 50 years dominated the free radical theory of aging. Since mitochondria were found to be the major producers of free radicals, the research on aging became largely centered on mitochondria. At the end of 80s of the 20th century, physicians have established a new nosological entity named “Metabolic syndrome” comprising several simultaneously existing symptoms and risk factors, which increase with age to 47% in men and 64% for women. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MetS) requires simultaneous presence of at least three out of five medical conditions: visceral obesity, hypertension, high blood sugar, insulin resistance, low serum high-density lipoprotein accompanied with high serum triglycerides. However, from the beginning of the definition of MetS there was, and still is, a rather lovely debate, which of the symptoms must be considered as the main one. In spite of the enormous number of publications on both mechanisms of aging and MetS, there was relatively small progress in understanding the fundamental processes in these closely related problems. On the contrary, the mitochondrial free radical theory was found to be wrong in its current paradigms. In this Chapter we will discuss recent discoveries and hypotheses which open new perspectives in both theoretical and practical approaches to the problems of aging and MetS. We will show how aging and development of MetS are closely related to each other and the normal ontogenesis of human beings. Why men and women have different rates of aging and mechanisms of transition to MetS. We state that MetS is not just a cluster of symptoms, but one of the last steps of individual ontogenesis, namely the first step of eldership when the aging rate may increase manifold.

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“…The putatively complex molecular mechanisms underlying sex and gender differences in cardiac pathophysiology are still poorly understood. Renée Ventura-Clapier and co-workers review current knowledge on gender related differences in energy metabolism [10] to conclude that there is a lack of experimental and clinical studies addressing this issue. Furthermore, she argues that with experimental studies more care should be taken to consider and discuss gender issues and, at least, properly describe the gender studied (details that are lacking in many published experimental animal studies).…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting metabolic pathways to treat cardiovascular diseases

Glatz

Zuurbier

Larsen

2020

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Diseas

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Gender issues in cardiovascular diseases. Focus on energy metabolism

Cited by 26 publications

References 53 publications

Metabolic Syndrome and β-Oxidation of Long-Chain Fatty Acids in the Brain, Heart, and Kidney Mitochondria

Metabolic Syndrome and β-Oxidation of Long-Chain Fatty Acids in the Brain, Heart, and Kidney Mitochondria

Metabolic Syndrome as the First Stage of Eldership; the Beginning of Real Aging

Targeting metabolic pathways to treat cardiovascular diseases

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