Gender Inequality and Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Analysis

Seguino, Stéphanie

doi:10.1016/s0305-750x(00)00018-8

Cited by 397 publications

(285 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…It concludes that government spending is not utilized to improve female education in the other emerging economies. This result is supported by the study of Blecker and Seguino (2002) and Seguino (2000b) that countries with abundant unskilled female workers do not spend for the development of overall human capital. Increasing female labor force participation rate causes a significant reduction in educational inequality between male and female.…”

Section: Regression Report and Analysismentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Increasing economic integration fosters the export of lower cost products produced by cheap female labors in the labor-intensive countries. Growing export increases the productivity and investment, as well as growth which results in the expansion of export oriented female-dominated manufacturing industries as these, can be operated through cheap female workers (Seguino, 2000a;2000b;Blecker and Seguino, 2002). Thus countries will invest more money in cheap workers instead of human capital of women that can deteriorate the overall condition of the female.…”

Section: Trade Liberalization and Women's Welfare And Empowermentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These variables also act as potential determinants of gender inequality. This study controls GDP growth to test economic growth's effect on gender inequality as a number of studies identified significant association between gender inequality and economic growth, for example but not limited to (Klasen, 1999;Forsythe et al, 2000;Matthews and Nee, 2000;Seguino, 2000b;Morrison et al, 2007;Klasen and Lamanna, 2009;Schober and Winterebmer, 2011) per capita GDP to examine effect of average income on gender inequality (Bussmann, 2009) government expenditure as higher trade increases government revenue which directly or indirectly influence women welfare through increasing government expenditure in health, education and social welfare (Rodrik, 1997;Bussmann, 2009) female labor force participation rate to identify the impact of female participation in the labor force on other aspects of gender inequality i.e. education and health (Barro and Lee, 1994;Gray et al, 2006) secondary school enrollment rate as indicator of human capital accumulation which is an important determinant of gender gap (Artecona and Cunningham, 2002;Bishop et al, 2005;Mcnabb and Said, 2013).…”

Section: Rationale Of the Control Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Trade Liberalization and Gender Inequality in Emerging Economies - from the Perspective of Sustainable Development Goals

Fatema

Islam

2017

Asian Economic and Financial Review

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Article History JEL Classification O50, F16, F60. The study identifies the effect of trade liberalization on gender inequality in labor market, welfare, and empowerment in the emerging economies considering the significance of gender inequality issue in sustainable development goals (SDGs). It uses global gender gap index (GGGI) and its four sub-indexes namely economic participation and opportunity, education, health and politics as indicators of gender inequality in different aspects. Due to the problem of endogeneity and the presence of time-invariant variables Hausman-Taylor estimation technique has been applied to a panel data set of 40 countries for the period of 2006-2014. The results of the study suggest that trade openness significantly reduces gender inequality in labor market in high growth EAGLE and NEST countries but increase the inequality in other emerging economies. The effect of trade openness in reducing gender inequality in welfare and empowerment is positive, but higher trade increases health gap in other emerging economies. The effects of culture and religion on gender inequality are mixed and differ substantially across countries. According to the findings of the study, trade and government expenditure can be used as essential tools to achieve gender equality goal of SDGs if the proper policy is adopted.

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Section: Regression Report and Analysismentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Trade Liberalization and Women's Welfare And Empowermentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rationale Of the Control Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trade Liberalization and Gender Inequality in Emerging Economies - from the Perspective of Sustainable Development Goals

Fatema

Islam

2017

Asian Economic and Financial Review

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“…Given that women are excluded from certain occupations and sectors, trade opening brought with it an increase in the labour supply of women in certain kinds of work, and this raised unemployment rates and reduced wages (Bergmann 1974) or perpetuated wage gaps (Joekes 1999;Seguino 2000;Berik et al 2003).…”

Section: Theoretical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Lingering Face of Gender Inequality in Latin America

Camou

Maubrigades

2017

Has Latin American Inequality Changed Direction?

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“…A significant portion of high growth in many developing countries, particularly in Asia, has been based on the use of female labor in export-oriented manufacturing industries. This was particularly the case in many Asian economies where female education was rapidly improving while there were also sizeable wage gaps between females and males favoring female employment and the development of female-intensive industries by domestic and foreign investors (Standing, 1999;Seguino, 2000). 6 c) The 'Direct' Externality Factor of Gender Inequality in Education Lower gender inequality in education effectively means greater female education at each level of male education.…”

Section: A Economic Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Costs of Missing the Millennium Development Goal on Gender Equity

2004

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At the Millennium Summit, the world community pledged to promote gender equality and chose as a specific target the achievement of gender equity in primary and secondary education by the year 2005 in every country of the world. Based on the findings from a growing empirical literature that suggests that gender equity in education promotes economic growth and reduce fertility, child mortality, and undernutrition, we estimate what the costs in terms of growth, and forgone fertility, mortality and undernutrition reduction, will be for the 45 countries that are, on current projections, unlikely to meet the target. Our estimates suggest that, by 2005, the countries that are off track are likely to suffer 0.1-0.3 percentage points lower per capita growth rates as a result and will have 0.1-0.4 more children per woman, and, by 2015, an average of 14 per 1000 higher rates of under five mortality and 2.4 percentage points higher prevalence of underweight children under five. Sensitivity analyses suggest that the results are quite robust to using different specifications and approaches to estimating these losses. JEL: I2, J7, J16 AcknowledgementsWe want to thank

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Gender Inequality and Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Analysis

Cited by 397 publications

References 30 publications

Trade Liberalization and Gender Inequality in Emerging Economies - from the Perspective of Sustainable Development Goals

Trade Liberalization and Gender Inequality in Emerging Economies - from the Perspective of Sustainable Development Goals

The Lingering Face of Gender Inequality in Latin America

The Costs of Missing the Millennium Development Goal on Gender Equity

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