Gender incongruence/dysphoria in children and adolescents: overview and implications for dentistry

Hania, Mohamed; Roberts, Alice; Sharif, Mohammad Owaise

doi:10.1038/s41415-021-2734-4

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Ålgars et al (33) found that transgender persons try to conceal the characteristics of their assigned sex or demonstrate the characteristics of their required gender identity through changes in dietary behavior. The common gender stereotypes of parents often teach boys to change their feminine characteristics or behaviors, and poor teaching may increase boys' psychological burden and unhealthy eating behaviors (34). Sociocultural pressure may increase the risk of disordered weight control behaviors (such as unhealthy eating behaviors) for gender-non-conforming girls (35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between negative gender attitudes and eating behaviors in Chinese children and adolescents

Cao

Chen²,

Wang³

et al. 2023

Front. Nutr.

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BackgroundNegative gender cognitive attitudes (disliking one’s own gender or wanting to be the opposite gender) and unhealthy eating behaviors have become common in Chinese children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to analyze the associations between negative gender attitudes and eating behaviors among Chinese children and adolescents.MethodsPrimary and secondary school students aged 8–15 years were selected as participants using a stratified cluster random sampling method. The self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the participants’ negative gender cognitive attitudes. Eating frequency questionnaire was used to investigate participants’ eating behaviors. Under the leading reading of standardized training investigators, the questionnaire for children aged 8–15 years was completed by themselves in the form of centralized filling.ResultsA total of 6.5% [43/657, boys: 6.1% (21/347), girls: 7.1% (22/310)] of children disliked their own gender, 8.8% [58/657, boys: 5.5% (19/347), girls: 12.6% (39/310)] of children wanted to be of the opposite gender, and the proportion of girls with negative gender attitudes was higher than that of boys (P < 0.05). Boys who disliked their own gender or wanted to be the opposite gender had higher frequencies of unhealthy eating behaviors and lower frequencies of healthy eating behaviors than boys who liked their own gender or did not want to be the opposite gender (P < 0.05). Girls who disliked their own gender or wanted to be the opposite gender had higher frequencies of protein eating behaviors than girls who liked their own gender or did not want to be the opposite gender (P < 0.05). There was a significant interaction between disliking one’s own gender and wanting to be the opposite gender in midnight snack eating among boys (P < 0.05) and in carbonated drink and high protein eating behaviors among girls (P < 0.05).ConclusionBoys with negative gender cognitive attitudes express more unhealthy eating behaviors and fewer healthy eating behaviors; girls with negative gender cognitive attitudes exhibit more protein eating behaviors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between negative gender attitudes and eating behaviors in Chinese children and adolescents

Cao

Chen²,

Wang³

et al. 2023

Front. Nutr.

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“…This deficiency is partly related to difficulties in recruiting minority groups into research but is exacerbated by healthcare barriers and differences in the legal status of transgender individuals across countries. Unsurprisingly, this paucity of research extends into the dental and orthodontic implications of gender transitioning ( Hania et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Recommendations For Orthodontic Researchersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender dysphoria: An overview for orthodontists

2022

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Among non-gender conforming populations, there is a subgroup of individuals who experience significant distress associated with their gender incongruity, commonly referred to as gender dysphoria (GD). In the UK, there is a recognised pathway for individuals experiencing GD. This has traditionally been initiated by a referral to the Gender Identity Development Service (GIDS) for children and adolescents or to a Gender Identity Clinic (GIC) for adults. This pathway can potentially involve several specialties and treatment modalities, including the prescription of various hormones. It is important for orthodontists to have an understanding of this field, as well as the potential treatment modalities, so that they can support this often marginalised patient group. Inherent differences between male and female facial features may also lead patients with GD to present to orthodontists, wishing to change their facial appearance. This article highlights the current national pathway for GD and the orthodontic considerations for these individuals.

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Gender incongruence/dysphoria in children and adolescents: overview and implications for dentistry

Cited by 2 publications

References 8 publications

Associations between negative gender attitudes and eating behaviors in Chinese children and adolescents

Associations between negative gender attitudes and eating behaviors in Chinese children and adolescents

Gender dysphoria: An overview for orthodontists

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