Gender in jasmine flower-garland livelihoods in peri-urban Metro Manila, Philippines

Homegarden Production and Productivity in a Mayan Community of Yucatan

“…Their potential contribution to food security and income has been pointed out world wide by Food and Agriculture Organization (Mitchell and Hanstad 2004;Nair 2007), in the Philippines by the Resource Center in Urban Agriculture and Food Security (Boncodin et al 2000), in Latin America by Fernandez and Nair (1986) and Jimenez-Osornio et al (1999), in Africa by Drescher (1997), and in Europe by Vogl-Lukasser and Vogl (2004).…”

Empowering Freetown’s women farmers

“…Crops grown in marginal areas, for example next to roads or in industrial areas, are often exposed to high levels of runoff, exhaust and industrial pollutants (Flynn, 2001). The use of chemical pest control can also be a health concern, not just for growers, but for those exposed through water runoff or wind carry (Boncodin et al, 2009;Brown & Jameton, 2000;Tallaki, 2005). In cases where waste water is used as a key input, there are severe health risks associated with inadequate treatment prior to use (Gupta & Gangopadhyay, 2006).…”

“…In Harare (Zimbabwe), women also control the bulk of marketing, being responsible for up to 70% of marketing, but they also provide the majority of farming labour, with 80% of women involved in UPA farming their own plots (Mbiba, 2000). Often children share the labour with women (Boncodin et al, 2009;Mbiba, 2000). In some cases, particular forms of labour attract specific risks, for example, during the sampaguita bud harvesting process, which is part of the creation of jasmine flower-garlands in Manila, women and children are the first to enter the field after seasonal spraying, exposing them to increased health risks (Boncodin et al, 2009).…”

“…Often children share the labour with women (Boncodin et al, 2009;Mbiba, 2000). In some cases, particular forms of labour attract specific risks, for example, during the sampaguita bud harvesting process, which is part of the creation of jasmine flower-garlands in Manila, women and children are the first to enter the field after seasonal spraying, exposing them to increased health risks (Boncodin et al, 2009). In the Eastern Horn of Africa social taboos prevent men from controlling or producing food, so women control most of the agriculture (Kipuri & Ridgewell, 2008).…”

“…In the Eastern Horn of Africa social taboos prevent men from controlling or producing food, so women control most of the agriculture (Kipuri & Ridgewell, 2008). By contrast, in the Philippines men control all the productive assets, land, livestock, water, equipment etc., but women control both the market information and the cash income (Boncodin et al, 2009). …”