Gender in Farmer Household Livelihood Strategies in South Sulawesi

Abstract

The change in the economic transition from subsistence to the formal economic system has brought about changes in the pattern of living in society, especially in farmer households. The research objective was to analyze and provide an overview of the livelihood strategies of farmer households in South Sulawesi which are gender nuanced. As well, the division of labor and time allocation based on the roles between women and men who work in each realm both formal and informal in on-farm, off-farm, and non-farm. This research uses a qualitative approach. Qualitative data were obtained through observation, interviews, literature study and secondary data in the form of previous research and disaggregated data from the Central Bureau of Statistics. Analysis of research data using qualitative analysis, where the data is processed by classification and analyzed in a qualitative narrative. The results showed that changes in the household income system of the Bugis-Makassar ethnic farmers, where women tend to prefer off-farm than on-farm. Meanwhile, involvement in agriculture is still dominated by men. Household livelihood strategies, namely men and women must play a role without limiting access, control, participation and benefits from one another. Changes in roles and time allocations were driven by an economic transition that gave rise to various alternative jobs, both off-farm and non-farm along with the increase in employment space in the formal and informal sectors.

Gender Dynamics Analysis: Uncovering the Roles and Identities of Bugis-Makassar Women

“…Household livelihood methods, namely men and women, must play a role without restricting each other's access, control, participation, and rewards. Economic transformations have risen to different alternative employment, both farm and off-farm, in relation to the development of workspace in the formal and informal sectors, and driven changes in roles and time allocations (Suhaeb et al, 2020). For household livelihoods in fishing communities in South Sulawesi, stating that the involvement of fishermen's wives is an actualization of the Bugis-Makassar community (Idrus et al, 2022).…”