Gender identity in a group of retarded children

Abelson, Geoffrey; Paluszny, Maria

doi:10.1007/bf01538046

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Research into the concept of gender, which is perhaps related to the concept of age recognition, may help elucidate the process. Abelson & Paluszny (1978) looked at the development of gender recognition in normal children and those with intellectual disability, and found that there was a significant correlation between this ability and mental age for children with intellectual disability. In children from the normal range of intellectual ability, gender identity was correlated significantly with both chronological and mental age, and this was achieved by around 3 years.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because gender identity correlated with mental age and intellectual ability, Abelson & Paluszny (1978) considered that many children with intellectual disability could learn this concept in time and with additional training, and eventually they could perhaps go on to deal with more difficult concepts such as gender constancy and gender role. The above authors also looked at the cues used to determine gender and these are considered in more detail below.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research looking at cues for gender recognition may throw some light upon the issue. For example, Abelson & Paluszny (1978) reported that children use form of dress, and the presence of hair on the face and head to distinguish gender. Katcher (1955) found that cues of hair and clothes were used by 3‐year‐old children of normal development and that they had greater difficulty with undressed figures, and Thompson & Bentler (1971) showed that 4–6‐year‐old children used hair style and body shape.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age Recognition in Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: a Literature Review and an Exploratory Study

Bell

Espie

2000

Research Intellect Disabil

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The ability of children to classify accurately their own ages and the ages of others has been the subject of very limited research. However, the literature is largely in agreement on there being progressive increases in skill with chronological age, although there is disagreement on the age at which this ability becomes well developed. The processes look similar in the field of intellectual disabilities, although this area is extremely under‐researched. Key factors may include age, the amount of time spent in institutions (e.g. long‐term hospitals for people with intellectual disabilities), developmental level and IQ. The present paper provides a review of the relevant literature and an exploratory study investigating the age recognition of self and colleagues in a group of 20 adults with intellectual disability, some from within what has been a major hospital for people with intellectual disabilities and some from the wider community. Measures of age recognition using photographs, as well as standardized measures of intellectual ability and social adaptive behaviour, were administered, and correlations were found between the ability to recognize age in others and developmental age, and also IQ. Success on the task of age discrimination appears to be more likely if the IQ of the individual is around 60–65 or above, and if the person shows social adaptive behaviour equivalent to 8 or 9 years of age and over. Also included in the study was a task in which only the discrimination of whether the photographs were of adults or children was required, and this proved to be a simpler process for the participants. The present study also demonstrates some of the discriminative stimuli used by adults with intellectual disabilities to ascertain the approximate age of a person.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age Recognition in Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: a Literature Review and an Exploratory Study

Bell

Espie

2000

Research Intellect Disabil

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“…In an uncontrolled study, Abelson (1981) administered the Michigan Gender Identity Test (Paluszny et al, 1973;Dull et al, 1975) to 30 subjects "diagnosed as autistic," and reported that only 11 of the 23 autistic subjects with MA (Leiter) between 25 and 60 months gave "correct MGIT responses" in sorting pictures of girls and boys, whereas in the prior study of Abelson and Paluszny (1978), twothirds of normal and retarded children of similar MA (Stanford-Binet) had succeeded in a corresponding task. The second study (Hobson, 1983b) investigated whether autistic and matched nonautistic retarded children differed in their propensity to sort pictures of people, animals, and nonpersonal things according to age-related characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The autistic child's recognition of age- and sex-related characteristics of people

Hobson

1987

J Autism Dev Disord

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Matched autistic, normal, and nonautistic retarded children were tested for their ability to choose schematic and photographed faces of a man, a woman, a girl, and a boy, to accompany videotaped sequences depicting a person of each class in (a) gestures, (b) vocalizations, and (c) "contexts" that might be considered typical for an individual of this age and sex. Although both autistic and control subjects were able to choose drawings of nonpersonal objects to correspond with videotaped cues, the autistic children were markedly impaired in selecting appropriate faces for the videotaped individuals. It is suggested that these results may reflect autistic children's relative disability in differentiating adults from children and males from females.

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“…Hampson (1957) reported a critical period for gender identity formation occurring between 18 months and 3 years of age. Others agree that by 36 months of age, the sense of being a boy or a girl (the concept of gender identity) is well established (Gesell et al 1940, Paluszny et al 1973, Thompson 1975, Abelson & Paluszny 1978.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of gender identity in the autistic child

Abelson

1981

Child

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The Michigan Gender Identity Test (MGIT) was administered to 30 autistic children to determine whether autistic children could demonstrate a sense of gender identity. The results of the MGIT were correlated with other developmental indices obtained from the Alpern-Boll Developmental Profile. From this sample of autistics, a significant relationship was found between gender identity and mental age, chronological age, communication skills, physical skills, social skills, self-help skills and academic (cognitive skills.

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Gender identity in a group of retarded children

Abstract: The Michigan Gender Identity Test (MGIT) was administered to

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Age Recognition in Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: a Literature Review and an Exploratory Study

Age Recognition in Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: a Literature Review and an Exploratory Study

The autistic child's recognition of age- and sex-related characteristics of people

The development of gender identity in the autistic child

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