Gender Gaps in Unemployment Rates in OECD Countries

Azmat, Ghazala; Güell, Maia; Manning, Alan

doi:10.1086/497817

Cited by 185 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In fact, one can find many papers in the literature focusing on unemployment differentials, especially in the case of analysing, for example, racial gaps. See, among others, Sundstrom (1997 and, Blackaby et al (1997 and, Leslie et al (1998), Azmat et al (2006) or Livanos et al (2009). 13 As it is well-known, apart from exogenous and linearly independent covariates and a correct specification, consistency in logit models requires that the error term follows a logistic distribution.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raining stones?: Female immigrants in the Spanish labour market

Antón¹,

Bustillo

Carrera

2012

Estudios de Economía

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raining stones?: Female immigrants in the Spanish labour market

Antón¹,

Bustillo

Carrera

2012

Estudios de Economía

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“…This may have led to (more) discrimination against the outgroup, even in the presence of and due to strong competition (see also footnote 23). Azmat et al (2006) investigate the possible sources of gender gaps in unemployment in OECD countries. They find a significantly positive interregional correlation of the gender gap with attitudes on whether men are more deserving of work than women.…”

Section: Empirical and Experimental Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 The psychological prediction of increasing stereotyping may in particular play a role in relation to competition in the labour market: In regions within European countries where unemployment is higher, stereotypic perceptions about the roles of men and women tend to be stronger (see Sect. 5), leading to a larger gender gap in unemployment (Azmat et al 2006). Rising competition in the product market may have a comparable effect.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification, screening and stereotyping in labour market discrimination

Vendrik

Schwieren

2009

J. Econ.

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According to social-psychological research, feelings of uncertainty in decision-making evoke two opposite responses: (i) reduction of uncertainty by information search, leading to less stereotyping of people, and hence less discrimination; (ii) social identification with an ingroup, inducing more reliance on stereotypic perceptions and prejudices, and hence more discrimination against an outgroup. We integrate both responses in a microeconomic model of hiring and pay decisions by an employer. Increasing competition in the product market makes the employer feel more uncertain about his profits, but also raises the opportunity cost of screening expenditures. This elicits substitution of ingroup identification for screening expenditures, and hence enhances discrimination.

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“…An exception is the paper by AZMAT et al, 2006, which investigates gender gaps in unemployment rates between OECD countries. However, their analysis is undertaken at a nationwide aggregate level, so that internal differences, and in particular the effect of agglomeration, are not considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical Concentration of Unemployment: A Male–Female Comparison in Spain

Alonso‐Villar¹,

Río²

2008

Regional Studies

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Alonso-Villar O. and Del Río C. Geographical concentration of unemployment: a male–female comparison in Spain, Regional Studies. The aim of this paper is to analyse gender differences in the spatial distribution of unemployment. Specifically, it is explored whether agglomeration can influence gender gaps in unemployment rates. In doing so, tools are used from the literature on economic geography and income distribution and they are adapted to the present case. Using data from Spain, it is shown that the advantage of living in large cities does not affect women and men equally; agglomeration seems especially to favour the female population. The results also suggest that the female employment premium appears only in municipalities of a certain size. Alonso-Villar O. et Del Río C. La concentration géographique du chômage: une comparaison hommes–femmes en Espagne, Regional Studies. Cet article cherche à analyser les différences par sexe de la distribution géographique du chômage. Plus précisément, on étudie si, oui ou non, la notion d'agglomération peut avoir une incidence sur les écarts du chômage par sexe. Pour le faire, on se sert des outils provenant de la documentation sur la géographie économique et la distribution des revenus, et on les adapte. A partir des données pour l'Espagne, on montre que les avantages d'habiter les grandes villes ne touchent pas de même les femmes et les hommes; il semble que l'agglomération favorise notamment la population féminine. Les résultats laissent supposer aussi que la dividende emploi des femmes n'apparaît que dans les municipalités d'une certaine taille. Concentration géographique Chômage Sexe Echelle municipale Alonso-Villar O. und Del Río C. Geografische Konzentration der Arbeitslosigkeit: ein Vergleich zwischen Männern und Frauen in Spanien, Regional Studies. In diesem Beitrag werden die Geschlechtsunterschiede bei der räumlichen Verteilung der Arbeitslosigkeit analysiert. Insbesondere untersuchen wir, ob sich eine Ballung auf den Abstand zwischen den Geschlechtern hinsichtlich der Arbeitslosenquote auswirken kann. Hierfür nutzen wir Instrumente aus der Literatur über Wirtschaftsgeografie und Einkommensverteilung, die wir an unseren Fall anpassen. Anhand von Daten aus Spanien zeigen wir, dass sich die Vorteile eines Lebens in der Großstadt auf Frauen und Männer unterschiedlich stark auswirken; eine Ballung scheint vor allem die weibliche Bevölkerung zu begünstigen. Ebenso lassen unsere Ergebnisse darauf schließen, dass die weibliche Beschäftigungsprämie nur in Gemeinden ab einer gewissen Größe auftritt. Räumliche Konzentration Arbeitslosigkeit Geschlecht Gemeindegr& #xF6;ße Alonso-Villar O. y Del Río C. La concentracíon geográfica del desempleo: una comparación entre hombres y mujeres en España, Regional Studies. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las diferencias por razón de género en la distribución espacial del desempleo. En concreto estudiamos si la aglomeración afecta a la brecha en tasas de desempleo entre mujeres y hombres. Para ello utilizamos herramientas de...

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Gender Gaps in Unemployment Rates in OECD Countries

Cited by 185 publications

References 19 publications

Raining stones?: Female immigrants in the Spanish labour market

Raining stones?: Female immigrants in the Spanish labour market

Identification, screening and stereotyping in labour market discrimination

Geographical Concentration of Unemployment: A Male–Female Comparison in Spain

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