Gender gaps in labor informality: The motherhood effect

Berniell, Inés; Berniell, Lucila; Mata, Dolores de la; Edo, María; Marchionni, Mariana

doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2020.102599

Cited by 88 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…We start by providing evidence about the well documented effect of motherhood on labor force participation and employment. Our results for the pooled sample of 29 countries show a 25% drop in women's probability of working upon motherhood, which falls close to the upper end of the [-40%,-20%] interval found in the literature (Kleven et al, 2019a;Kuziemko et al, 2018;Berniell et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The first part of our study adds to previous work showing that the search for a more flexible time schedule explains why mothers of young children opt for part-time jobs (Paull, 2008). In fact, the child penalty literature has previously documented a motherhood effect on working hours and/or part-time employment (e.g., Kleven et al, 2019b andBerniell et al, 2021), but except for Berniell et al (2021), self-employment as a labor market outcome is absent from these papers. 4 Moreover, the few papers addressing specifically the effect of the first child on the participation of women in jobs with more flexible working schedules have focused on a single country or on a small set of countries (Berniell et al, 2021;de Quinto et al, 2020;Kleven et al, 2019b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…In fact, the child penalty literature has previously documented a motherhood effect on working hours and/or part-time employment (e.g., Kleven et al, 2019b andBerniell et al, 2021), but except for Berniell et al (2021), self-employment as a labor market outcome is absent from these papers. 4 Moreover, the few papers addressing specifically the effect of the first child on the participation of women in jobs with more flexible working schedules have focused on a single country or on a small set of countries (Berniell et al, 2021;de Quinto et al, 2020;Kleven et al, 2019b). A strength of our analysis is that it covers a large set of countries, which also allows us to explore how the effects of motherhood correlate with social norms and family policies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Motherhood and the Allocation of Talent

Berniell

Berniell²,

Mata

et al. 2021

SSRN Journal

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Motherhood and the Allocation of Talent

Berniell

Berniell²,

Mata

et al. 2021

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“…The Latin American region is no exception: differences in labor supply, both in the extensive and intensive margins, as well as gaps in wages are large (Marchionni et al, 2019). Recently, the literature has focused on motherhood and intra-household arrangements as the main drivers of the forces behind these gaps (Kleven et al, 2019;Kuziemko et al, 2018;Berniell et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Gaps within Couples: Evidence of Time Re-allocations during COVID-19 in Argentina

et al. 2021

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Based on a novel survey for Argentina, this paper provides evidence of the changes in time allocation within couples during the COVID-19 emergency. The survey was conducted online during the period of national lockdown in 2020 and collected information on hours allocated to paid work, housework, child care, educational childcare and leisure by both members of the couple before and during the lockdown, as well as socio-demographic characteristics. Our sample consists of 961 couples of which 785 have children. Our results indicate that during the lockdown, despite a reduction in time assigned to paid work and an increase in time spent in unpaid activities for both members of the couple, gender gaps regarding the latter increased. Specifically, while the load of men and women's work for pay became more equitable, women took up a larger proportion of the additional housework and childcare. We found that some factors mitigated (whether the man reduced his hours of work or whether both partners kept on doing so) while others potentiated (whether the woman reduced her hours of work, whether she continued working from home, or whether the couple outsourced housework before lockdown) the changes in the within-couple gender gaps in unpaid activities.

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“…20 Estudios en Uruguay y Chile también encuentran una incidencia en la pobreza considerablemente superior para los hogares integrados por empleados domésticos(Batthyany, 2012; Ministerio de Trabajo y Seguridad Social, 2019;Órdenes Carvajal, 2016).21 Blundell et al (2016) encuentran que uno de los canales de ajuste más importantes ante una situación de caída en los ingresos que provee el hombre es el aumento de la participación laboral de su esposa. A su vez, el trabajode Berniell et al (2019) describe cómo las madres que participan del mercado de trabajo suelen hacerlo en labores que les brinden cierta flexibilidad horaria para poder atender las necesidades de su propio…”

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Caracterización del empleo doméstico en la Argentina

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2021

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La rotación de la pirámide poblacional y el incremento de la participación laboral femenina resultan en una creciente importancia del empleo doméstico en Argentina. Analizando la oferta y la demanda de estos servicios, este trabajo busca brindar información que permita un mejor diseño de políticas públicas en busca de mejorar la situación de quienes intervienen en este mercado. Utilizando bases del INDEC (EPH y CGI), se estudia la relación de los empleados domésticos con la informalidad, la pobreza, la inmigración y el género femenino. Se realizan estimaciones de la incidencia de la pobreza sobre los empleados domésticos junto con un análisis del vínculo entre sus remuneraciones y el salario mínimo. Luego, utilizando la base de ENES (PISAC) se caracteriza a los demandantes de estos servicios desde cuatro enfoques: Ingresos, Geografía, Educación y Género. Se observa que el estatus y la cuestión de genero podrían jugar un papel importante en el lado de la demanda. Asimismo, los resultados sugieren que el salario mínimo podría estar siendo un punto de referencia al momento de pactar contratos en el mercado formal y en el informal. Finalmente, se exponen políticas públicas realizadas en otros países en busca de mejorar el bienestar de los implicados.Palabras clave: demanda de empleo doméstico, oferta empleo doméstico, inmigración, empleo informal.

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Gender gaps in labor informality: The motherhood effect

Cited by 88 publications

References 36 publications

Motherhood and the Allocation of Talent

Motherhood and the Allocation of Talent

Gender Gaps within Couples: Evidence of Time Re-allocations during COVID-19 in Argentina

Caracterización del empleo doméstico en la Argentina

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