Gender gap, training and financial performance: evidence from public accounting industry

Yang, Yi-Fang; Chen, Yahn-Shir; Yang, Lee-Wen

doi:10.1080/09585192.2013.778313

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The existing literature has focused heavily on the link between TMT or the boardroom and the firm's financial performance in western countries, and only a few empirical works have been undertaken to examine the relationship in Taiwan or other Asian countries (Julizaerma and Sori, 2012;Yang, Chen, and Yang, 2013;Low, Roberts, and Whiting, 2015). Also, few researchers have examined this issue at the partner level.…”

Section: Theoretical Foundation and Hypothesis Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-linear relationship between gender diversity in the partnership and profit performance in accounting firms

Hsu

Kuo

Chang

2016

PAR

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If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation. AbstractPurpose: This study aims to examine how gender diversity within the CPA partnership team impacts the firm's profit performance.Design/Methodology/approach: We employ the 2SLS method in analyzing the gender-diversity-performance relationship using the pooled sample obtained from the National Survey Reports on Taiwan CPA firms between 1992 and 2008. Findings:We observe a non-linear relationship between gender diversity at the partner level and profit performance. The relationship curves vary according to firm size. After identifying the point of inflexion for these curves, our findings indicate that the average gender diversity is below the inflexion point for large CPA firms, but exceeds the inflexion point for medium size firms.Practical implications: According to the critical mass theory, increasing gender diversity within the partnership team can have a positive influence on the value of the firm. Hence, we argue that for large CPA firms in Taiwan, the proportion of female partners leaves room for improvement. If the average number of female partners could be increased by 0.95 persons, the critical mass would be attained. Originality/Values:The study provides the empirical evidence that increasing a CPA firm's proportion of female partners positively impacts the firm's profit performance. Our findings serve a practical value as reference source for any further studies.

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Section: Theoretical Foundation and Hypothesis Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-linear relationship between gender diversity in the partnership and profit performance in accounting firms

Hsu

Kuo

Chang

2016

PAR

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“…Therefore, professional training fills the gap left by academic education. As the third purpose of this study, we further examine the moderating effects of professional training on higher academic qualifications of auditors.Prior researches employ a linear relationship to examine the association between human capital and operating performance of audit firms [10][11][12]. When more auditors with a master's degree or above are hired, audit firms assume higher human capital cost, thus resulting in lower operating profits.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior researches employ a linear relationship to examine the association between human capital and operating performance of audit firms [10][11][12]. When more auditors with a master's degree or above are hired, audit firms assume higher human capital cost, thus resulting in lower operating profits.…”

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confidence: 99%

Higher Academic Qualifications, Professional Training and Operating Performance of Audit Firms

Chen

Yang

2020

Sustainability

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This study examines the association between professional training, higher academic qualifications (educational levels) and operating performance of audit firms in Taiwan. We particularly focus on the curvilinear effects of higher academic qualifications on operating performance. We group the total sample into three categories: national, regional and local audit firms. Based on the theoretical framework in industrial economics, we establish a cross-sectional multiple regression equation to test our hypotheses. Both higher academic qualifications and professional training are positively related to the operating performance of audit firms. Professional training moderates the relation between higher academic qualifications and operating performance. Higher academic qualifications exhibit a curvilinear effect on operating performance with a reverse U-shaped relation for the national audit firms and a U-shaped relation for both regional and local audit firms. Due to data unavailability, some factors affecting the audit quality and operating performance are not included in our analysis, such as auditor teamwork, internal control system, operating policies and auditing procedures of audit firms. The findings that higher academic qualifications are positively associated with the operating performance of audit firms justify the educational policy of establishing institutes or graduate schools in accounting over the past two decades. Furthermore, audit firms skillfully exploit employees with higher academic qualifications to improve their operating performance. We are the first to document the moderating effects of professional training and the curvilinear association between higher academic qualifications and operating performance, contributing knowledge to related literature.Sustainability 2020, 12, 1254 2 of 16 reorganization of many junior colleges as an academy or technology university. The sharp increases in the number of university lead to substantial growth in the number of graduates with higher educational levels. Taking the higher education of accounting as an example, to date, 37 universities establish departments of accounting to grant bachelor's degree. Among which, 26 universities set institute or graduate school in accounting to deliver master or doctoral degree. Under the landscape of educational policy, Taiwanese audit firms recruit more auditors with higher educational levels. The Taiwanese Financial Supervisory Commission indicates that the ratio of auditors with bachelor's degrees rose from 49.3% in 1992 to 66.8% in 2015. The ratio of auditors with master's degree or above was 7.6% in 1992 and climbed to 20.4% in 2015. The growth rates of auditors with bachelor's degree are 35.5% but that of auditors with master's degree or above are as high as 168.4%.Audit firms are a professional organization and an expertise and human capital-intensive industry. To fulfil their auditing jobs, auditors are required to have academic educational levels, professional training and work experience [4]. Auditors typically in...

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“…These findings suggest that sex stereotypes may vary across cultures and that discrimination against women in the workplace is less severe in Northern European countries as compared to Taiwan, where Confucianism advocates the masculine social value that women should stay at home and be responsible for the household, while men are the breadwinners and leaders of the family (Chan et al, 2002;Yang et al, 2013). For example, Penner and Paret (2008) suggested that Asian kindergarten boys perform best on entering kindergartens, while Latino kindergarten girls perform better than Latino boys.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Relatedly, Yang, Chen, and Yang (2013) show that in Taiwan man-owned audit firms outperform woman-owned audit firms in financial performance, and even the formers without professional trainings on auditors have higher financial performance than the latters with professional trainings. The authors interpret these findings as suggesting "the Chinese cultural values in social roles against women".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Lower audit fees for women audit partners in Taiwan and why

Huang

Chiou

Huang

et al. 2015

Asia Pacific Management Review

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a b s t r a c tWe investigate whether women audit partners earn lower audit fees than their men colleagues. By examining 2002e2011 fee data for audit engagements in Taiwan, where the names of signing audit partners are disclosed, we find that audit engagements with women audit partners are related to significantly lower audit fees than those with men counterparts. Furthermore, we document that such fee difference is aggravated in the industries with fewer women audit partners, cannot be explained by the differences in audit quality and audit reporting lags, and is robust to controlling for firm fixed effects.Our finding provides evidence to support the existence of fee discrimination against women audit partners in Taiwan's auditing industry. Our results should be of interests to audit firms with regard to human resource decisions.

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Gender gap, training and financial performance: evidence from public accounting industry

Cited by 12 publications

References 37 publications

Non-linear relationship between gender diversity in the partnership and profit performance in accounting firms

Non-linear relationship between gender diversity in the partnership and profit performance in accounting firms

Higher Academic Qualifications, Professional Training and Operating Performance of Audit Firms

Lower audit fees for women audit partners in Taiwan and why

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