Gender Equity in Healthcare: An Issue of Justice or Need?

Lemke, Viviana de Mello Guzzo

doi:10.5935/abc.20190168

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…Life expectancy of UAE women (79.2) is higher than that of men (77.1) [ 29 ]. Gender inequalities in access to health care may also contribute to a higher prevalence of VI in females [ 30 – 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Causes, and Risk Factors of Visual Impairment in Emiratis and Non-Emiratis of Dubai: A Subnational Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey

Taryam

Rabiu

AlBanna

et al. 2022

Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose. To study the prevalence, causes, and risk factors of visual impairment (VI) among the Dubai Emiratis and non-Emiratis. Methods. The survey was a population-based cross-sectional eye health study conducted 2019-2020. Cluster sampling was used to randomly select local (Emirati) and expatriate (non-Emirati) Dubai residents aged 40 years and older. Ocular examinations were conducted in selected eye clinics to determine the visual acuity (VA) and cause(s) of VI if any. Trained nurses, optometrists, and ophthalmologists did the examinations. VA was measured using ETDRS visual chart. The World Health Organization VI and blindness definitions and classifications for the cause(s) of VI were used. Results. A total of 892 participants were included in the final analysis. The mean age [SD] was 52.09 [9.48] years, with 55.8% as males. Prevalence of presenting mild, moderate, and severe VI was 4.7% (2.94–7.11%), 1.8% (0.78–3.5%), and 0% for Emiratis, and 3.6% (2.06–5.76), 1.6% (0.63–3.21), and 0% for non-Emiratis, respectively. Four Emirati participants were blind, with a prevalence of 0.9% (0.25%–2.28%). Men had lower likelihood of VI than women (odds ratio [OR] (95% CI): 0.42 (0.24–0.77)) after adjustment for covariates. Diabetes (OR (95% CI): 1.91 (1.04–3.52)) was an independent risk factor for VI. Higher education level was associated with a lower likelihood of VI (OR (95% CI): 0.34 (0.13–0.89). Leading causes of VI among Emiratis were uncorrected refractive error (52%) and cataract (17.2%). Glaucoma, optic atrophy, and absent globe were the causes of blindness. Conclusions. Prevalence of VI is comparably low with leading causes readily treatable. An effective strategy to improve spectacle correction and cataract services would reduce the VI burden.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Causes, and Risk Factors of Visual Impairment in Emiratis and Non-Emiratis of Dubai: A Subnational Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey

Taryam

Rabiu

AlBanna

et al. 2022

Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…In fact, patients who had not received proper medical services for any reason, and considered this experience the result of ignoring patients' primary rights, sought medical services through discrimination in their next visits, and their experience suggested that they would receive insu cient health services without resorting to discrimination. Johnston (2011) points out that fair access to medical services is one of the main patient rights, and patients and visitors to medical settings expect to receive these services without discriminatory behaviors (36). Accordingly, ignoring the patient's right to justice by medical staff leads to unethical and improper care, namely, discrimination in health care (37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Author details [1][2][3][4] Department of nursing, University of social welfare and rehabilitation sciences, Tehran, Iran. 5 Department of nursing, faculty of medical sciences, University of Tarbiat Modares, Tehran, Iran.…”

Section: Ethics Approval and Consent To Participatementioning

confidence: 99%

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Discrimination in Healthcare, Experiences of Nurses, Physicians and Patients: A Qualitative Content Analysis

Hosseinabadi-Farahani¹,

Fallahi-Khoshknab²,

Arsalani³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Justice in health is one of the main concerns of health organizations, and discrimination in health care is one of the negative outcomes to achieving this goal. Hence, a full understanding of the phenomenon of discrimination in health care and adopting strategies to eliminate it is necessary. The present study was conducted to determine the experiences of nurses, physicians, and patients of discrimination in health care. Methods: The present qualitative content analysis study was conducted between 2019 and 2020. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 18 participants (2 physicians, 3 nursing supervisors, 2 head nurses, 4 clinical nurses, 2 nursing assistants, and 3 hospitalized patients) in one public and one private hospital in the city of Tehran. The participants were selected by purposive sampling, which continued until saturation of data. Data obtained were analyzed using Graneheim and Lundman method.Results: Four main categories and 14 subcategories were extracted from data analysis: 1) Habitual discrimination (everyday discrimination in health centers, ignoring patient rights, low levels of trust in medical staff); 2) interpersonal relationships (expectations of associates, respect for colleagues and friends, the possibility of the occurrence of similar situations, reciprocating people’s favors); 3) shortage of health care resources (shortage of medical equipment, heavy workload, infrastructures of medical centers, lack of access to physicians); and 4) Favoritism (ethnicity, favoritism as a common method, and as the ultimate solution to problems).Conclusion: The present study revealed certain dimensions of discrimination in health care that remain hidden in many quantitative studies. Thus, it appears that health system managers will be able to move towards eliminating discrimination in health care and providing ethical care by considering these issues and adopting appropriate strategies.

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“…Justice in health is recognized as one of the principles of medical ethics and a primary patient right. [ 1 ] The International Society for Justice in Health defines this concept as follows: Justice in health means the absence of systematic and potentially resolvable disparities in one or more aspects of health in a population and economic, social, demographic, and geographical subgroups. [ 2 ] Accordingly, the opposite of justice in health care is discrimination, which has been recognized as one of the negative outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nurses' experiences of discrimination in health care: A qualitative study in Iran

Fallahi-Khoshknab

Hosseinabadi-Farahani²,

Arsalani³

et al. 2023

Journal of Education and Health Promotion

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BACKGROUND: Justice in health is one of the main concerns of health organizations, and discrimination in health care is one of the negative outcomes to achieving this goal. Hence, a full understanding of the phenomenon of discrimination in health care and adopting strategies to eliminate it is necessary. The present study was conducted to explore and describe the experiences of nurses of discrimination in health care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present qualitative content analysis study was conducted between 2019 and 2020. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 18 participants (two physicians, three nursing supervisors, two head nurses, four clinical nurses, two nursing assistants, and three hospitalized patients) in one public and one private hospital in the city of Tehran. The participants were selected by purposive sampling, which continued until saturation of data. Data obtained were analyzed using the Graneheim and Lundman method. RESULTS: Four main categories and 14 subcategories were extracted from data analysis: 1) habitual discrimination (everyday discrimination in health centers, ignoring patient rights, low levels of trust in medical staff); 2) interpersonal relationships (expectations of associates, respect for colleagues and friends, the possibility of the occurrence of similar situations, reciprocating people's favors); 3) shortage of health-care resources (shortage of medical equipment, heavy workload, infrastructure of medical centers, lack of access to physicians); and 4) favoritism (ethnicity, favoritism as a common method, and favoritism as the ultimate solution to treatment problems). CONCLUSION: The present study revealed certain dimensions of discrimination in health care that remain hidden in many quantitative studies. It appears that health system managers will be able to move toward eliminating discrimination in health care. Thus, designing effective models to reduce discrimination in health care based on the underlying concepts of this study is recommended.

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Gender Equity in Healthcare: An Issue of Justice or Need?

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Prevalence, Causes, and Risk Factors of Visual Impairment in Emiratis and Non-Emiratis of Dubai: A Subnational Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey

Prevalence, Causes, and Risk Factors of Visual Impairment in Emiratis and Non-Emiratis of Dubai: A Subnational Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey

Discrimination in Healthcare, Experiences of Nurses, Physicians and Patients: A Qualitative Content Analysis

Nurses' experiences of discrimination in health care: A qualitative study in Iran

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