Gender Disparities Among Veterans: The High Rate of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among Women in the Military

Levine, Brooklyn; Land, Helen

doi:10.1080/21635781.2013.845070

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…First, it will be necessary to replicate and extend these findings to a population other than young, active duty, male, Marine/Navy servicemen. With data indicating sex differences in fear learning (Day, Reed, & Stevenson, 2016; Jackson, Payne, Nadel, & Jacobs, 2006), and increased prevalence of anxiety and fear related disorders in female civilian and military populations (Levine & Land, 2014; Perrin et al, 2014), it will be important to investigate whether the results of the current investigation generalize to women and civilian populations. Second, the use of the N-back task to categorize individual differences in WM may be limited due to its modest relationship with complex WM span tasks (Jaeggi, Buschkuehl, Perrig, & Meier, 2010; Kane, Conway, Andrew, Miura, & Colflesh, 2007; Redick & Lindsey, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual variation in working memory is associated with fear extinction performance

Stout

Acheson

Moore

et al. 2018

Behaviour Research and Therapy

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PTSD has been associated consistently with abnormalities in fear acquisition and extinction learning and retention. Fear acquisition refers to learning to discriminate between threat and safety cues. Extinction learning reflects the formation of a new inhibitory-memory that competes with a previously learned threat-related memory. Adjudicating the competition between threat memory and the new inhibitory memory during extinction may rely, in part, on cognitive processes such as working memory (WM). Despite significant shared neural circuits and signaling pathways the relationship between WM, fear acquisition, and extinction is poorly understood. Here, we analyzed data from a large sample of healthy Marines who underwent an assessment battery including tests of fear acquisition, extinction learning, and WM (N-back). Fear potentiated startle (FPS), fear expectancy ratings, and self-reported anxiety served as the primary dependent variables. High WM ability (N = 192) was associated with greater CS + fear inhibition during the late block of extinction and greater US expectancy change during extinction learning compared to individuals with low WM ability (N = 204). WM ability was not associated with magnitude of fear conditioning/expression. Attention ability was unrelated to fear acquisition or extinction supporting specificity of WM associations with extinction. These results support the conclusion that individual differences in WM may contribute to regulating fear responses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual variation in working memory is associated with fear extinction performance

Stout

Acheson

Moore

et al. 2018

Behaviour Research and Therapy

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“…Nevertheless, research results proving to the contrary are also available (i.e., Kimerling et al, 2007;Kun, Tong, Liu, Pei, & Luo, 2013), which suggests that the type of trauma alone might not be a sufficient explanation. For example, there is evidence that the female veterans of the war in Afghanistan and Iraq suffer from PTSD more often than male veterans (Crum-Cianflone & Jacobson, 2013; Levine & Land, 2014). Cortina and Kubiak (2006) offered a hypothetical explanation in which they emphasized the role of lifetime sexual victimization in women.…”

Section: Traumatic Events In Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feminist Identity Styles, Sexual and Non-Sexual Traumatic Events, and Psychological Well-Being in a Sample of Polish Women

Kucharska

2015

J Interpers Violence

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The aim of the study was to investigate the relations between the development of a feminist identity and effects of traumatic stress in a sample of Polish women. The distinction between non-sexual and sexual traumatic events was made. It was hypothesized that individuals scoring high on the Synthesis and Active Commitment scales of the Feminist Identity Development Model would present a higher self-esteem and lower level of depression as compared with individuals having low scores on those scales and high scores on the Passive Acceptance scale. It was also assumed that the relation between the feminist identity styles and self-esteem and depression would be stronger in women who had experienced sexual traumatic events as compared with those who had experienced other kinds of trauma. A total of 273 women participated in the questionnaire research. Regression analyses were performed to test the interaction model, and the obtained results support all of the hypotheses.

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“…Women in general are at a 50% higher risk for developing a PTSD diagnosis than men (Levine & Land, 2014). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress and Posttraumatic Stress in Mothers of Children With Type 1 Diabetes

2017

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The onset of acute and chronic illness in children frequently triggers episodes of stress and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in mothers. Mothers of children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) consistently report high levels of stress and PTSS. The purpose of this integrative review was to review and synthesize the published empirical research. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to conduct this integrative literature review. A total of 19 studies were identified from a sample of 128. Stress and PTSS were prevalent in mothers of youth with T1D. While PTSS was most severe at disease onset, symptoms often persisted 1 to 5 years after diagnosis. The diagnosis of T1D in a child was traumatic for mothers. Stress and PTSS in mothers adversely affected children’s health. Management of stress symptoms in mothers may lead to improved behavioral and metabolic outcomes in children.

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Gender Disparities Among Veterans: The High Rate of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Among Women in the Military

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Individual variation in working memory is associated with fear extinction performance

Individual variation in working memory is associated with fear extinction performance

Feminist Identity Styles, Sexual and Non-Sexual Traumatic Events, and Psychological Well-Being in a Sample of Polish Women

Stress and Posttraumatic Stress in Mothers of Children With Type 1 Diabetes

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