Gender Differences on a Brief Measure of Cognitive Functioning in Alzheimer's Disease

Jg, Buckwalter; Sobel, Eugene; Me, Dunn; Mm, Diz; Vw, Henderson

doi:10.1001/archneur.1993.00540070069018

Cited by 82 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Furthermore, as with our current findings, these sex differences remain after controlling for the effects of education and level of overall impairment (Buckwalter et al, 1993;Henderson and Buckwalter, 1994;Ripich et al, 1995). Consistent with this female disadvantage, a recent meta-analysis of picture naming in AD patients found that studies with higher proportions of females produced significantly worse picture naming in both domains (Laws et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Comparisons of men and women with equivalent AD severity have revealed that women with AD manifest greater semantic memory deficits on tasks such as picture naming and fluency (Buckwalter et al, 1993;Henderson and Buckwalter, 1994;McPherson et al, 1999;Ripich et al, 1995). Furthermore, as with our current findings, these sex differences remain after controlling for the effects of education and level of overall impairment (Buckwalter et al, 1993;Henderson and Buckwalter, 1994;Ripich et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Recent studies both with healthy participants and with patients have proposed an interaction between domain and sex of participants on picture naming tasks: men showing a better performance with some nonliving subcategories -generally, tools -and women with some living subcategories -commonly, fruits and vegetables (Barbarotto et al, 2002;Capitani et al, 1999;Laiacona et al, 1998;Laws, 1999Laws, , 2004McKenna and Parry, 1994). Overall, our results revealed no significant sex differences in the ability to generate items; however, some intriguing sex differences emerged across age groups.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 44%

“…Laws, 1999Laws, , 2004. This has led some authors to propose the existence of a sex specialization in the processing of some semantic subcategories (Barbarotto et al, 2002;Capitani et al, 1999;Laiacona et al, 2005;Laws, 1999Laws, , 2004McKenna and Parry, 1994;Moreno-Martínez et al, 2007). Nevertheless, in a large fluency study, Marra et al (2007) reported better furniture fluency in elderly females and female AD patients, and better bird fluency in elderly males, but not in male AD patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of dementia, age and sex on category fluency: Greater deficits in women with Alzheimer's disease

Moreno-Martínez¹,

Laws

Schulz

2008

Cortex

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AgingCategory specific Semantics Sex differences APOE a b s t r a c t A category specific effect in naming tasks has been reported in patients with Alzheimer's dementia. Nonetheless, naming tasks are frequently affected by methodological problems, e.g. ceiling effects for controls and ''nuisance variables'' that may confound results.Semantic fluency tasks could help to address some of these methodological difficulties, because they are not prone to producing ceiling effects and are less influenced by nuisance variables. One hundred and thirty-three participants (61 patients with probable AD; and 72 controls: 36 young and 36 elderly) were evaluated with semantic fluency tasks in 14 semantic categories. Category fluency was affected both by dementia and by age: while in nonliving-thing categories there were differences among the three groups, in living thing categories larger lexical categories produced bigger differences among groups. Sex differences in fluency emerged, but these were moderated both by age and by pathology. In particular, fluency was smaller in female than male Alzheimer patients for almost every subcategory.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 44%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The impact of dementia, age and sex on category fluency: Greater deficits in women with Alzheimer's disease

Moreno-Martínez¹,

Laws

Schulz

2008

Cortex

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“…16,25,26 Risk factors for which there are conflicting results include gender and ethnic group. 27,28 High cholesterol levels, obesity, diabetes, CAD, LRP-1, and apoE are physiologically or biochemically connected: they are all associated in some way with the transport and metabolism of lipids. This review brings together a lot of the evidence that has led to the above factors and conditions being linked to AD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apolipoprotein E, cholesterol metabolism, diabetes, and the convergence of risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disease

et al. 2006

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High fat diets and sedentary lifestyles are becoming major concerns for Western countries. They have led to a growing incidence of obesity, dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, and a condition known as the insulin-resistance syndrome or metabolic syndrome. These health conditions are well known to develop along with, or be precursors to atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Recent studies have found that most of these disorders can also be linked to an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To complicate matters, possession of one or more apolipoprotein E e4 (APOE e4) alleles further increases the risk or severity of many of these conditions, including AD. ApoE has roles in cholesterol metabolism and Ab clearance, both of which are thought to be significant in AD pathogenesis. The apparent inadequacies of ApoE e4 in these roles may explain the increased risk of AD in subjects carrying one or more APOE e4 alleles. This review describes some of the physiological and biochemical changes that the above conditions cause, and how they are related to the risk of AD. A diversity of topics is covered, including cholesterol metabolism, glucose regulation, diabetes, insulin, ApoE function, amyloid precursor protein metabolism, and in particular their relevance to AD. It can be seen that abnormal lipid, cholesterol and glucose metabolism are consistently indicated as central in the pathophysiology, and possibly the pathogenesis of AD. As diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and early AD are becoming more reliable, and as evidence is accumulating that health conditions such as diabetes, obesity, and coronary artery disease are risk factors for AD, appropriate changes to diets and lifestyles will likely reduce AD risk, and also improve the prognosis for people already suffering from such conditions.

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Estrogen Replacement Therapy in Older Women

Henderson

Paganini‐Hill²,

Emanuel³

et al. 1994

Arch Neurol

553

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Gender Differences on a Brief Measure of Cognitive Functioning in Alzheimer's Disease

Cited by 82 publications

References 26 publications

The impact of dementia, age and sex on category fluency: Greater deficits in women with Alzheimer's disease

The impact of dementia, age and sex on category fluency: Greater deficits in women with Alzheimer's disease

Apolipoprotein E, cholesterol metabolism, diabetes, and the convergence of risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disease

Estrogen Replacement Therapy in Older Women

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