Gender differences in wages and leadership

Abstract

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Competition, subjective feedback, and gender gaps in performance

“…These competition-related gender differences have been shown to contribute to gaps in educational (Buser et al, 2014(Buser et al, , 2020Ors et al, 2013;Reuben et al, 2017) and labor market outcomes (Azmat, Calsamiglia, & Iriberri, 2015, Bertrand, 2011, Joensen & Nielsen, 2009. Differences in attitudes towards competition can impact outcomes through key decisions, such as field of study (Buser et al, 2014;Kirkeboen et al, 2016;Osborne et al, 2003), which contribute significantly to the gender gaps in earnings that we still observe today (Bertrand, 2020;Macis, 2017). Competitive attitudes also impact choices within a field or occupation, for example, women may choose to participate less often in challenging tasks and striving for promotions (Bertrand, 2011;Kauhanen & Napari, 2015), and perform worse in high-stakes competitive settings (Jurajda & Münich, 2011;Ors et al, 2013).…”

Competition, Subjective Feedback, and Gender Gaps in Performance

“…These competition-related gender differences have been shown to contribute to gaps in educational (Buser et al, 2014(Buser et al, , 2020Ors et al, 2013;Reuben et al, 2017) and labor market outcomes (Azmat, Calsamiglia, & Iriberri, 2015, Bertrand, 2011, Joensen & Nielsen, 2009. Differences in attitudes towards competition can impact outcomes through key decisions, such as field of study (Buser et al, 2014;Kirkeboen et al, 2016;Osborne et al, 2003), which contribute significantly to the gender gaps in earnings that we still observe today (Bertrand, 2020;Macis, 2017). Competitive attitudes also impact choices within a field or occupation, for example, women may choose to participate less often in challenging tasks and striving for promotions (Bertrand, 2011;Kauhanen & Napari, 2015), and perform worse in high-stakes competitive settings (Jurajda & Münich, 2011;Ors et al, 2013).…”