Gender Differences in the Relationships Between Coach Transformational Leadership and Player Satisfaction and Commitment: A Meta-Analytic Review

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This study examined the relationship between the transformational leadership of PE instructors and students' satisfaction in an online PE class. In particular, it aimed to investigate whether the PE instructors' transformational leadership behaviors could predict students' satisfaction toward the class, their PE teacher, and their health and fitness. Furthermore, this study explored these relationships in male and female students. A total of 448 university students (male = 228; female = 220) between the ages of 18 and 22 participated in the study. The results revealed a positive relationship between the transformational leadership behaviors of PE instructors and students' satisfaction with online PE classes. Moreover, male and female students' satisfaction with the teaching of their PE instructor, feelings of fun and enjoyment, and perception of improved health and fitness in their online PE classes varied greatly as they perceived specific behaviors of transformational leadership from their PE instructors. These findings demonstrate that PE instructors play an important role as (online) classroom leaders in enhancing students' satisfaction with online learning. Therefore, PE instructors should be mindful to demonstrate transformational leadership to improve their effectiveness when conducting online classes.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Transformational leadership of physical education instructors and university students' satisfaction with online classes

Cruz,

Kim

2023

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“…Synthesizing the findings from either approaches can help scholars to have a better understanding of the current knowledge, determine the impact of a phenomenon/intervention, identify issues, gaps, and trends, and provide a reference point for future research ( Grant and Booth, 2009 ; Creswell, 2014 ). In the coach leadership area, several scholars have attempted to summarize existing findings employing either systematic literature review ( Gilbert and Trudel, 2004 ; Sheehy et al, 2018 ; Mills and Clements, 2021 ) or meta-analysis ( Kim and Cruz, 2016 ; Kim and Cruz, 2022 ). The findings from the literature review showed that existing studies were mostly focused on the impact of coaches, particularly their behaviors, on athletes’ performance, psychological development, and well-being.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Findings also showed that training and instruction had the highest contribution for the relationships between coach leadership and cohesion and satisfaction. In a recent meta-analysis that examined the relationships between coach transformational leadership and player satisfaction and commitment ( Kim and Cruz, 2022 ), results revealed that both satisfaction and commitment of players were moderately affected by the transformational leadership behaviors of their coaches, particularly coaches who displayed charismatic behaviors. Moreover, female players tended to report higher satisfaction and commitment than male players when coaches display more transformational leadership.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A bibliometric review of coach leadership studies

Cruz

Kim²

2023

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This study examined published articles concerning sports leadership within the sport psychology domain over the last 30 years using bibliometric analysis that centered on the written content of the publications as unit of analysis in order to explore the intellectual base, particularly the structural relationships among relevant research components about coach leadership. Leximancer version 5.0 (Leximancer Pty Ltd.) was used to extract data from 100 sports leadership-related articles from four sport psychology journals. Overall, the most relevant concepts generated were coaches (100%) and athletes (59%), followed by study, sport, support, and motivation, and behaviors. Also, relevant concepts produced for each journal were quite similar which included coaches, athletes, behaviors, study, support and team. Further, publications related to coach leadership have shown a steady growth rate since 1990 with 76% of all published articles were conducted via quantitative research method. Finally, United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Belgium were the top countries involved in the area of coach leadership. Coach leadership studies generally focus on behaviors and perceptions related to the coach and relationships between leadership and psychological outcomes. Each journal has a similar but distinct rationale when publishing papers about coach leadership. Bibliometric analysis can be applied as an alternative methodology to summarize large volumes of relevant data in order to map the current knowledge as well as identify potential future research directions.

“…Previous studies have demonstrated that member characteristics can moderate the relationship between coach leadership and satisfaction ( Kim and Cruz, 2016 , 2022 ). Regarding player sex, coach leadership was positively associated with satisfaction in both males (ES = 0.439) and females (ES = 0.603); however, the relationship was stronger in females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The leadership of coaches has garnered substantial attention from scholars in the sport psychology domain because of its profound impact on athletes’ sport-related outcomes ( Gilbert and Trudel, 2004 ; Vella et al, 2010 ; Kim and Cruz, 2016 , 2022 ; Cruz and Kim, 2017 ). Chinese scholars have recently shown considerable interest in exploring coach leadership as a research theme to gain deeper insights into the interactive dynamics between coaches and athletes, as well as the role of the coach as an influential contributor within the landscape of Chinese sports.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review and meta-analysis of Chinese coach leadership and athlete satisfaction and cohesion

Zhu,

Wang,

Cruz

et al. 2024

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IntroductionThis meta-analysis investigates the relationship between coach leadership behaviors and athlete satisfaction and group cohesion within the realm of Chinese sports. The study also explores player sex and player classification as potential moderating variables. The primary focus is on evaluating the impact of coaching behaviors, as measured by the Leadership Scale for Sports, on athlete satisfaction and group cohesion.MethodsStandard literature searches from China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang academic databases produced 26 studies encompassing a total of 319 effect sizes and a participant pool of 7,121 athletes across various sports.ResultsUsing the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) to examine relevant data, results reveal a moderate and positive association between coach leadership and athlete satisfaction (ES = 0.412). Specifically, training and instruction (ES = 0.531), positive feedback (ES = 0.526), social support, and democratic decision-making exhibit positive effects, while autocratic behavior demonstrates a marginal positive effect. Similarly, a moderate positive relationship is identified between coach leadership and overall group cohesion (ES = 0.275), with training and instruction (ES = 0.396), social support (ES = 0.356), positive feedback, and democratic behavior positively influencing cohesion. Conversely, autocratic behavior has a small negative impact on cohesion. Furthermore, female athletes (ES = 0.603) and professional players (ES = 0.544) display stronger positive associations between coach leadership and satisfaction.ConclusionThese findings highlight the significance of diverse coaching behaviors aligned with player characteristics for fostering positive athlete satisfaction and group cohesion within the Chinese sports context, offering valuable guidance to Chinese coaches aiming to enhance their coaching strategies.