Gender differences in the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections and genital symptoms in an urban setting in southern India

Panchanadeswaran, Subadra; Johnson, Sally C.; Mayer, Kenneth H.; Srikrishnan, Aylur K.; Sivaram, Sudha; Zelaya, Carla; Go, Vivian F.; Solomon, Suniti; Bentley, Margaret E.; Celentano, David D.

doi:10.1136/sti.2006.020768

Cited by 50 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The prevalence of C. trachomatis infection was similar to a population-based study of 1014 postpartum women in a rural district of south eastern Nepal [9] and to that reported from India (0.4%) [17]. However, it was substantially lower than among women in rural areas in China (2.1%) [18] and that estimated for Southeast Asia (1.8%) [1].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections among Married Women in Rural Nepal

Shakya

Thingulstad

Syversen

et al. 2018

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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Introduction We have previously determined the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among women in rural Nepal. In the current study, we also wanted to examine the prevalence of and risk factors for other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the same population. Methods Population-based study of nonpregnant women ≥ 15 years who were married or had a history of marriage in the past, residing in five rural villages in Nepal. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, reproductive history, and genitourinary symptoms were collected, and a gynecological examination was conducted. Cervical samples were analyzed by real-time PCR for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Trichomonas vaginalis and HPV, and a serum sample was analyzed for syphilis, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV infection by serology. Results Of 2416 eligible women, 62% participated. Trichomoniasis, Chlamydia trachomatis infection, HPV and HBV infection, and syphilis were detected in 5.4%, 0.8%, 14.3%, 0.3%, and 0.2% of the women. None had gonorrhea or HIV infection. Of those with genitourinary symptoms, 6.3% had a curable STI. Vaginal discharge classified as abnormal by gynecological examination, but not self-reported discharge, was significantly associated with laboratory diagnosis of a curable STI. Risk factors for trichomoniasis were reproductive age and high cast/ethnicity. Due to low prevalence, risk factors for other STIs could not be disclosed. Conclusion We observed high prevalence of HPV infection followed by trichomoniasis, while other STIs were rare among women in rural Nepal. There was no association between genitourinary symptoms and laboratory-confirmed STIs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections among Married Women in Rural Nepal

Shakya

Thingulstad

Syversen

et al. 2018

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology

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“…12 In a community-based study in Southern India, a prevalence of STIs of 15.6% was reported. 13 The slightly higher prevalence in our study could be because the present study was hospital based. The most common syndrome in this study was vaginal discharge (12.0% of subjects) followed by urethral discharge (4.6% of subjects).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…19 It has also been found that most of the self-reported genital symptoms could not be linked to a laboratory-detected STI. 13,20 Nevertheless, in this study, the inability to establish a laboratory diagnosis of chlamydia, chancroid, herpes and lymphogranuloma infections could have contributed to the lower microbiological prevalence. This further highlights the usefulness of syndromic diagnosis where laboratory facilities are grossly inadequate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Sexually transmitted infections among patients attending the General Practice Clinic, Wesley Guild Hospital, Ilesa, Nigeria

Olakolu

Abioye-Kuteyi

Oyegbade

2011

South African Family Practice

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S Afr Fam Pract 2011;53(1):63-70Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are among the most common infectious diseases in the world today. There are few reliable statistics on the true prevalence of STIs in developing countries, especially in the general practice setting, hence the need to determine the prevalence in each locality. With the scourge and pandemicity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the fact that STIs are recognised as independent risk factors for its transmission, determining the risk profiles for STIs has become paramount. The aim of this study was to describe the pattern of STIs among patients attending a Nigerian general practice (GP) clinic.Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, hospital-based study. Consenting patients were recruited serially between February and April 2006 until the sample size of 415 was reached. Subjects' genital symptoms were considered according to the four common STI syndromes according to National AIDS/STD Control Programme guidelines.Results: The age range of the subjects was 15 to 95 years (mean 45.16 years, standard deviation 18.83 years, median 44 years). The median age at coitarche was 21 years while the median age at marriage was 25 years. The prevalence rates of current, past and lifetime STI were 18.8%, 22.4% and 32% respectively. Only 28 (6.8%) study subjects had laboratory evidence of STIs at the time of study. Previous sex with a commercial sex worker, previous history of STIs, premarital sex, first intercourse before or at 21 years of age and multiple sexual partners were significantly associated with STIs. Previous history of STIs was a strong predictor of current STI in this study while premarital sex and previous sex with a commercial sex worker were strong predictors of past STI. The frequency of HIV infection among subjects with STIs was more than double that of the control and a co-infection rate of 17.9% was found.Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate a high prevalence of STIs in the study community in association with prevailing high sexual risk behaviours, hence the need for reliable control programmes targeting the latter.Peer reviewed.

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“…27 The wives of those who used condoms only sometimes depending upon their partners, are vulnerable for acquisition of STI/HIV from their spouses.…”

Section: Use Of Condommentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern Of Sexually Transmitted Infections And Sexual Behavior In Patients With Genital Symptoms

Gyawalee

Pokhrel

2016

Nepal J Dermatol Venereol & Leprol

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CitationGyawalee M, Pokhrel DB. Pattern of sexually transmitted infections and sexual behavior in patients with genital symptoms. NJDVL 2014; 12(1): 20 -27. Pattern Of Sexually Transmitted Infections And Sexual Behavior In Patients With Genital Symptoms Objectives:To determine the pattern of sexually transmitted infections along with their sexual behaviour in patients presenting with genital symptoms. Material and Methods:A cross sectional, descriptive study was carried out in the department of dermato-venereology, TUTH. During one year period, a total of 130 consecutive cases were enrolled in this study. The diagnosis of infections was made clinically with relevant laboratory investigations and they were interviewed for their sexual behaviour after taking consent and assuring confidentiality. Results:The average age of this population was 27.84 years. Majority belonged to age group 15-24 years, with male to female ratio of 3.19:1. Many (52.3%) were married. The most common infection was condyloma accuminata (29.2%). The mean age of sex debut was 18.95 years and majority (50.8%) belonged to 15-19 years group. The median number of life time partners was 2.0. Only 43 (33.1%) were on monogamous relationship. The 15-34 age groups had maximum number of sexual partners. Married person living singly had more frequent extramarital contact. Only 10 (7.7%) used condom consistently. Conclusions:Younger people should be educated about monogamous relationship along with correct and consistent use of condom for the prevention of STIs

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Gender differences in the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections and genital symptoms in an urban setting in southern India

Abstract: Given a high prevalence of HSV2 in the study population, interventions targeting HSV2 transmission may be particularly relevant for this population.

Cited by 50 publications

References 28 publications

Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections among Married Women in Rural Nepal

Prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Infections among Married Women in Rural Nepal

Sexually transmitted infections among patients attending the General Practice Clinic, Wesley Guild Hospital, Ilesa, Nigeria

Pattern Of Sexually Transmitted Infections And Sexual Behavior In Patients With Genital Symptoms

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