Gender Differences in the Perceptions of Genuine and Simulated Laughter and Amused Facial Expressions

McKeown, Gary; Sneddon, Ian; Curran, William J.

doi:10.1177/1754073914544475

Cited by 46 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Because of gender norms, it may be that males do not (or are not encouraged to) convey affiliation via signals of smallness, and females do not (or are not encouraged to) convey dominance via signals of largeness. Future work should further examine the moderating sex effect, which could be due to participants' gendered mental representations, sex differences in vocalizations, or socialized gender differences in how social intentions are conveyed (McKeown, Sneddon, & Curran, 2014;Provine, 2001;Wood et al, 2017). Martin et al (2017) speculate that smiles-which also appear to accomplish the social tasks of reward, affiliation, and dominance-gain their social significance via the effect they have on vocalizations.…”

Section: Future Directions Of the Social Functional Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a social functional account of laughter

Wood

Niedenthal

2018

Social & Personality Psych

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Laughter is ubiquitous, universal, and variable. This article develops a social functional account to explain the many physical forms laughter takes and the many social contexts in which it occurs. In contrast to previous perspectives that emphasize the internal state of the producer or the eliciting context, the current social functional account distinguishes laughter according to the behavioral intentions it conveys and the behavioral response it elicits in the recipient. The general function of human and nonhuman laughter is to signal harmless intentions, and within this function, we identify 3 distinct social tasks accomplished by human laughter.We propose that the first social function of laughter, both evolutionarily and developmentally, is to reward the behavior of others and reinforce the ongoing interaction. The second task accomplished by laughter is the easing of social tension and signaling of affiliation and nonthreat. A third form of laughter nonconfrontationally enforces social norms, negotiates status, and corrects undesirable behavior in others by conveying dominance or superiority. We propose that the acoustic modulations that communicate these social intentions follow principles common to human and nonhuman vocal signaling.

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Section: Future Directions Of the Social Functional Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a social functional account of laughter

Wood

Niedenthal

2018

Social & Personality Psych

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“…A crucial problem is that the simple occurrence of a behavioral cue does not necessarily allow us to make straightforward assumptions about the user's intentions. As an example, a smile can be a sign of happiness (which is assumed by most systems), but could, for example, also be an expression of embarrassment (also see McKeown et al [2015]). Therefore, to interpret behavioral cues correctly, the dialog context has to be taken into account.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Context-Aware Automated Analysis and Annotation of Social Human--Agent Interactions

Baur

Mehlmann

Damian

et al. 2015

ACM Trans. Interact. Intell. Syst.

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The outcome of interpersonal interactions depends not only on the contents that we communicate verbally, but also on nonverbal social signals. Because a lack of social skills is a common problem for a significant number of people, serious games and other training environments have recently become the focus of research. In this work, we present NovA (Nonverbal behavior Analyzer), a system that analyzes and facilitates the interpretation of social signals automatically in a bidirectional interaction with a conversational agent. It records data of interactions, detects relevant social cues, and creates descriptive statistics for the recorded data with respect to the agent's behavior and the context of the situation. This enhances the possibilities for researchers to automatically label corpora of human-agent interactions and to give users feedback on strengths and weaknesses of their social behavior.

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“…McKeown [76], has argued that humour production is a hardto-fake signal of creativity (following Miller [78] and Greengross and Miller [38]) and of mind-reading ability. Correspondingly, McKeown et al [73,74] have argued that laughter also serves as a hard-to-fake signal of humour appreciation. The construct of exhilaration indeed describes the effective response to humour (Ruch [106]; [109]).…”

Section: Roles and Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within ILHAIRE, several studies have investigated the perception of multimodal portrayals of human laughter (spontaneous and acted/ fake laughs; presented with visual-auditory stimuli). McKeown and colleagues [73] conducted two experiments to assess perceptions of genuine and acted male and female laughter and amusement facial expressions. The main results showed that participants were good in detecting fakeness in laughs by males.…”

Section: Perception Of Multimodal Portrayalsmentioning

confidence: 99%