Gender Differences in the EEG of Abstinent Cocaine Abusers

King, Deborah E.; Herning, Ronald I.; Gorelick, David A.; Cadet, Jean Lud

doi:10.1159/000026678

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The theta findings are similar to other published studies. 20,24,25,27 The finding of decreased beta power appears inconsistent with prior findings from this laboratory 28,30 and others showing increased beta power among cocaine users. 26 This may be due to different analytic techniques or to differences in subject gender, alcohol use, or prevalence of anti-social personality disorder or family history of alcoholism, all of which have been associated with changes in beta power.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

EEG and Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity Abnormalities in Chronic Cocaine Users

et al. 2009

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EEG and cerebral blood flow abnormalities have been documented in chronic cocaine abusers. To identify possible relationships between EEG and blood flow changes and their relationship to the intensity of cocaine use, we recorded the resting eyes-closed EEG and anterior (ACA) and middle (MCA) cerebral artery blood flow velocity during systole (VS) and diastole (VD) by transcranial Doppler (TCD) sonography of 99 (76 male, 23 female; mean [SD] age 34.3 [5.2] years, 8.6 [5.5] years of cocaine use, 17.8 [7.7] days of cocaine use in month prior to screening) cocaine users within 5 days of admission to a closed research unit. Forty-two non-drug-using, age-matched control subjects (22 male, 20 female) were tested as outpatients. A 3-minute period of resting EEG was recorded from 16 standard scalp electrodes. Artifact-free EEG was converted to six frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha1, alpha2, beta1 and beta2) using a Fast Fourier Transform. Pulsatility index (PI) was calculated as a measure of small vessel resistance. Cocaine users had decreased VD and increased PI in the MCA, with no difference in VS, and reduced EEG theta, beta1 and beta2 absolute power in posterior brain regions. Recent cocaine use was positively associated with MCA PI (r = 0.27, p < 0.001) and negatively associated with low frequency EEG power (delta power: r = −0.25, p < 0.002; theta power: r = −0.29, p< 0.001). EEG beta1 (r = −0.211, p < 0.05) and beta2 (r = −0.176, p < 0.05) power measures were correlated with PI. These observations suggest that EEG and TCD changes reflect related physiological processes during early cocaine abstinence.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

EEG and Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity Abnormalities in Chronic Cocaine Users

et al. 2009

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“…Compared to sexmatched controls, male cocaine-dependent subjects showed a higher frequency of frontal "defects" (56%) than did female cocaine-dependent subjects (0%). Similarly, King et al 47 found that whereas the electroencephalogram (EEG) of male cocaine-dependent subjects significantly differed from controls, the EEG of female cocaine-dependent subjects did not differ from sex-matched controls. Female cocaine-dependent subjects also showed less neuronal injury and glial activation in the frontal cortex compared with their male counterparts.14 Sex differences between cocaine-dependent men and women may result from premorbid differences or the menstrual/estrous-related pharmacokinetic48 or pharmacodynamic48 -51 effects of cocaine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Sex differences in medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortex hypoperfusion in cocaine-dependent men and women

et al. 2006

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“…We matched cocaine-using and control subjects for gender, which had been done in only 3 of 7 previous cross-sectional studies. 11,12,14 Gender can have a significant influence on EEG power in cocaine users. 12 Although the mean age of our 2 groups differed significantly (35.9 [3.5] versus 25.1 [3.1]), all subjects were between 20 and 39 years of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11,12,14 Gender can have a significant influence on EEG power in cocaine users. 12 Although the mean age of our 2 groups differed significantly (35.9 [3.5] versus 25.1 [3.1]), all subjects were between 20 and 39 years of age. EEG power does not vary significantly within this age range; age 40 is considered to be a general cutoff between the EEG of "younger" patients and "older" patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 7 cross-sectional studies (5 of which examined absolute EEG power) that compared cocaine users during cocaine abstinence with healthy nondrug-using controls presented somewhat varying results (Table 1). Three studies reported decreased delta (1.5-3.5 Hz) absolute power, 8 -10 4 studies reported decreased theta (3.6 -7.5 Hz) power (2 absolute power, 9,10 2 relative power 11,12, ), study reported increased alpha (7.6 -13.5 Hz) absolute power, 8 and 2 studies reported increased beta (13.6 -50 Hz) power (1 absolute power, 14 1 relative power 12 ). The remaining studies found no significant differences in the frequency bands.…”

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confidence: 99%

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EEG Absolute Power During Extended Cocaine Abstinence

Levin

Herning

Better

et al. 2007

Journal of Addiction Medicine

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We examined the effects of cocaine withdrawal on EEG during 3 months of abstinence. Twenty physically healthy cocaine users (80% men, 80% African American, mean (SD) age, 34.8 (4.1) years, 9 (5.4) years of cocaine use, minimal recent use of other drugs) were subject to 1 to 3 EEG recordings during 3 months of monitored abstinence on a closed clinical research ward. Three-minute eyes closed EEG recordings used 8 or 16 leads located at standard International 10/20 scalp sites. First EEG was recorded 16.8 (13.6) days after last cocaine use. Beta1 absolute power in the left temporal region and delta power in the mid right hemisphere (temporal region) increased significantly over time. Eight subjects tested during the first 2 weeks of abstinence showed trends toward decreased absolute power in all bands except beta1 in the left frontal region, and toward decreased absolute delta power in the mid right hemisphere, compared with 8 nondrug-using controls. These results are not totally consistent with some previous studies, which may be the result of differences in subject characteristics and EEG recording procedures. The findings suggest that chronic cocaine use is associated with EEG changes that may reflect persisting brain electrophysiological abnormalities during cocaine abstinence.

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Gender Differences in the EEG of Abstinent Cocaine Abusers

Cited by 30 publications

References 35 publications

EEG and Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity Abnormalities in Chronic Cocaine Users

EEG and Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity Abnormalities in Chronic Cocaine Users

Sex differences in medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortex hypoperfusion in cocaine-dependent men and women

EEG Absolute Power During Extended Cocaine Abstinence

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