Gender differences in the disposition and toxicity of metals

Vahter, Marie; Åkesson, Agneta; Lidén, Carola; Ceccatelli, Sandra; Berglund, Marika

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2006.08.003

Cited by 595 publications

(352 citation statements)

References 158 publications

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“…Furthermore, our population is all female, and primarily Caucasian from a middle to higher socioeconomic background. Thus, the results of this study may not apply to males or nonwhite ethnic groups, who may have had greater Pb exposure (Diawara et al, 2006;Vahter et al, 2007) or a differential metabolic response to weight reduction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Thus, older persons are at higher risk of resorptive bone loss and, therefore, higher BPb levels, as also shown in this data set. There may be gender differences in the risk associated with Pb exposure, and whereas men generally have higher blood levels of Pb (Vahter et al, 2007), women typically have more physiological stresses causing more episodes of high bone turnover and potential Pb release into circulation. Dieting without adequate Ca intake and periods of acute and severe caloric restriction are physiological stresses that increase bone turnover and, in turn, may increase BPb.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blood lead levels and bone turnover with weight reduction in women

Riedt

Buckley

Brolin

et al. 2008

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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High bone turnover states are known to raise blood lead levels (BPb). Caloric restriction will increase bone turnover, yet it remains unknown if weight reduction increases BPb due to mobilization of skeletal stores. We measured whole blood Pb levels ( 206 Pb) by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in 73 women (age 24-75 years; BMI 23-61 kg/m 2 ) before and after 6 months of severe weight loss (S-WL), moderate weight loss (M-WL), or weight maintenance (WM). Baseline BPb levels were relatively low at 0.2-6.0 mg/dl, and directly associated with age (r ¼ 0.49, Po0.0001). After severe WL (À37.4 ± 9.3 kg, n ¼ 17), BPb increased by 2.1 ± 3.9 mg/dl (Po0.05), resulting in BPb levels of 1.3-12.5 mg/dl. M-WL (À5.6 ± 2.7 kg, n ¼ 39) and WM (0.3±1.3 kg, n ¼ 17) did not result in an increase in BPb levels (0.5±3.2 and 0.0±0.7 mg/dl, M-WL and WM, respectively). BPb levels increased more with greater WL (r ¼ 0.24, Po0.05). Bone turnover markers increased only with severe WL and were directly correlated with WL. At baseline, higher calcium intake was associated with lower BPb (r ¼ À0.273, Po0.02), however, this association was no longer present after 6 months. Severe weight reduction in obese women increases skeletal bone mobilization and BPb, but values remain well below levels defined as Pb overexposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood lead levels and bone turnover with weight reduction in women

Riedt

Buckley

Brolin

et al. 2008

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…The duodenal iron transporter is upregulated by iron deficiency, which leads to an increased intestinal absorption of dietary Cd. This is probably the main reason why the body burden of Cd is generally higher among women (Menke et al 2009;Vahter et al 2007) whose prevalence of iron depletion is higher than that of men. Urinary Cd increases longitudinally among pregnant women with exhausted iron stores (soluble transferrin receptor-serum ferritin ratio above 500) (Å kesson et al 2002).…”

Section: Bioavailability Of CD In the Intestine And Its Transfer To Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium exposure in the population: from health risks to strategies of prevention

et al. 2010

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We focus on the recent evidence that elucidates our understanding about the effects of cadmium (Cd) on human health and their prevention. Recently, there has been substantial progress in the exploration of the shape of the Cd concentrationresponse function on osteoporosis and mortality. Environmental exposure to Cd increases total mortality in a continuous fashion without evidence of a threshold, independently of kidney function and other classical factors associated with mortality including age, gender, smoking and social economic status. Pooled hazard rates of two recent environmental population based cohort studies revealed that for each doubling of urinary Cd concentration, the relative risk for mortality increases with 17% (95% CI 4.2-33.1%; P \ 0.0001). Tubular kidney damage starts at urinary Cd concentrations ranging between 0.5 and 2 lg urinary Cd/g creatinine, and recent studies focusing on bone effects show increased risk of osteoporosis even at urinary Cd below 1 lg Cd/g creatinine. The non-smoking adult population has urinary Cd concentrations close to or higher than 0.5 lg Cd/g creatinine. To diminish the transfer of Cd from soil to plants for human consumption, the bioavailability of soil Cd for the plants should be reduced (external bioavailability) by maintaining agricultural and garden soils pH close to neutral (pH-H 2 O of 7.5; pH-KCL of 6.5). Reducing the systemic bioavailability of intestinal Cd can be best achieved by preserving a balanced iron status. The latter might especially be relevant in groups with a lower intake of iron, such as vegetarians, and women in reproductive phase of life. In exposed populations, house dust loaded with Cd is an additional relevant exposure route. In view of the insidious etiology of health effects associated with low dose exposure to Cd and the current European Cd intake which is close to the tolerable weekly intake, one should not underestimate the importance of the recent epidemiological evidence on Cd toxicity as to its medical and public health implications.

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“…Biological and non-biological factors may influence the response of males and females to the exposure to chemicals (Vahter et al, 2007). Significantly higher levels of Ba and Zn in female hair samples were reported by Dongarrà et al (2012).…”

Section: Effect Of Gender On the Contents Of Elements In Human Hairmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Furthermore, this issue also contradicts the common belief that males are more exposed to these elements than females because they spend more time outside and therefore are more exposed to trace elements from soil and dust (Freeman et al, 2004;Shalat et al, 2003). The gender difference of element contents in hair might be explained on the basis of the exposure frequencies, but the metabolism and physiological roles of elements in the two genders are also of great concern (Vahter et al, 2007).…”

Section: Effect Of Gender On the Contents Of Elements In Human Hairmentioning

confidence: 97%

Trace elements in scalp hair from potentially exposed individuals in the vicinity of the Bayan Obo mine in Baotou, China

Pan

2015

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology

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a b s t r a c tMining activities including mineral excavation and ore transportation produce and release large amounts of pollutants to the surrounding environment, raising concerns regarding the effects of environmental exposure to pollutants on human health. The concentration of elements in hair can be used as a biomarker of exposure to chemical elements. In the present study, hair samples from 89 relatively healthy volunteers aged 11-77 years old (57 living near Bayan Obo giant REE-Nb-Fe ore deposit and 32 in non-mining areas) from Baotou (Inner Mongolia, China) were analyzed to determine the contents of 25 chemical elements (Ag, Al, As, Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ga, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Se, Tl, U, V and Zn) with the aim of gaining insights about the potential exposure to chemical elements of the population living within the Bayan Obo opencast mining area. The effects of gender and living area on element concentrations in hair were also investigated. The results showed that the mean concentrations of the target elements (Ag, Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Tl, V, Cs, Ga, Rb, U, Bi, Mo, As, Ca, Fe, Mg and Zn) in human hair from the mining area (MA) were primarily higher than that in non-mining areas (NMA). The area of residence had an influence on the presence of select trace elements (As, Cd, Mg, Pb, Tl, U and Zn) in human hair. In addition, the hair samples from MA showed statistically significant differences between males and females for a larger number of elements than those in NMA in which only Ag, Bi and Se were significantly different. This result implies a potential influence of mining activities on residents living in the vicinity. These findings confirm the need for competent authorities to act as early as possible and to implement strategies aimed to protect exposed populations and the entire ecosystem.

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Gender differences in the disposition and toxicity of metals

Cited by 595 publications

References 158 publications

Blood lead levels and bone turnover with weight reduction in women

Blood lead levels and bone turnover with weight reduction in women

Cadmium exposure in the population: from health risks to strategies of prevention

Trace elements in scalp hair from potentially exposed individuals in the vicinity of the Bayan Obo mine in Baotou, China

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