Gender differences in suicidal behavior in adolescents and young adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies

Miranda-Mendizábal, Andrea; Castellví, Pere; Parés‐Badell, Oleguer; Alayo, Itxaso; Almenara, José; Alonso, Iciar; Blasco, María Jesús; Cebrià, Annabel; Gabilondo, Andrea; Gili, Margalida; Lagares‐Franco, Carolina; Rodríguez, José Antonio Piqueras; Rodríguez-Jiménez, Tiscar; Marín, Jesús Rodríguez; Roca, Miquel; Soto‐Sanz, Victoria; Vilagut, Gemma; Alonso, Jordi

doi:10.1007/s00038-018-1196-1

Cited by 455 publications

(391 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Fourth, higher suicide rates were reported among males (4.83/100,000 individuals) compared with females (1.95/100,000 individuals) in this age range. This sex effect is consistent with many prior studies in youth (Bridge et al, 2006;Cha et al, 2018;Kõlves & De Leo, 2014McLoughlin et al, 2015;Miranda-Mendizabal et al, 2019;Roh et al, 2018;V€ arnik et al, 2009;Wasserman et al, 2005) and is also found among adults (Bachmann, 2018;Canetto & Sakinofksy, 1998;Chang et al, 2019;Nock, Borges, Bromet, Cha, et al, 2008;Schrijvers et al, 2012). Higher suicide death rates among males have been attributed to a range of factors, including greater use of lethal means (e.g., hanging and use of firearms; Callanan & Davis, 2012) and higher incidence of risk factors related to suicide death, such as substance use and aggressive and risk-taking behaviors (Bozzay, Liu, & Kleiman, 2014).…”

Section: (B) Malessupporting

confidence: 92%

Annual Research Review: A meta‐analytic review of worldwide suicide rates in adolescents

Glenn¹,

Kleiman

Kellerman³

et al. 2019

Child Psychology Psychiatry

198

119

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Suicide is a leading cause of death among youth worldwide. The purpose of the current review was to examine recent cross‐national trends in suicide mortality rates among 10‐ to 19‐year‐olds. This study extracted suicide mortality data from the World Health Organization's (WHO) Mortality Database for the most recent year (since 2010) from any country with available high‐quality data (as defined by the WHO's guidelines). Data on access to lethal means (firearms, railways) and measures of economic quality (World Bank Income Group) and inequality (Gini coefficients) were obtained from publicly available data sources. Cross‐national suicide mortality rates in youth were heterogeneous. The pooled estimate across all ages, sexes, and countries was 3.77/100,000 people. The highest suicide rates were found in Estonia, New Zealand, and Uzbekistan. Suicide rates were higher among older compared with younger adolescents and higher among males than females. The most common suicide methods were hanging/suffocation and jumping/lying in front of a moving object or jumping from a height. Firearm and railway access were related to suicide deaths by firearms and jumping/lying, respectively. Economic quality and inequality were not related to overall suicide mortality rates. However, economic inequality was correlated with a higher ratio of male:female suicides. This study provides a recent update of cross‐national suicide trends in adolescents. Findings replicate prior patterns related to age, sex, geographic region, and common suicide methods. New to this review are findings relating suicide method accessibility to suicide mortality rates and the significant association between income inequality and the ratio of male:female suicide. Future research directions include expanding the worldwide coverage to more low‐ and middle‐income countries, examining demographic groupings beyond binary sex and to race/ethnicity within countries, and clarifying factors that account for cross‐national differences in suicide trends.

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Section: (B) Malessupporting

confidence: 92%

Annual Research Review: A meta‐analytic review of worldwide suicide rates in adolescents

Glenn¹,

Kleiman

Kellerman³

et al. 2019

Child Psychology Psychiatry

198

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…On the other hand, taking into account that a transition from suicide ideation to suicide attempt is very common during adolescence [35], eight out of every hundred adolescents in the sample evaluated can be considered to be at a severe risk of suicide. However, although previous studies have found differences in suicidal behavior by sex, showing females to have a higher risk of suicide attempts and males have a higher risk of suicidal death [36], no differences have emerged in the present study. Similarly, differences in suicidal behavior by age have not been found in the present study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Family and School Contexts as Predictors of Suicidal Behavior among Adolescents: The Role of Depression and Anxiety

Ruiz‐Robledillo

Sánchez‐SanSegundo

2019

JCM

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Suicide is the highest external cause of death in the majority of developed countries. In adolescents, the prevalence of suicide has increased significantly in recent years, becoming a serious public health concern. The main aim of the present study is to characterize suicidal behavior, and to evaluate the relationship between family and school contexts and suicidal behavior through the possible mediating effects of depression and anxiety. The design of the study is cross-sectional. The sample was composed of 1386 Spanish adolescents from 14 high-schools. Suicidal behavior, anxiety, depression, family function, and school climate were evaluated through self-reported questionnaires. The results obtained show a significant association between adaptive family function and a positive school climate with low levels of depression, anxiety, and suicidal behavior. Mediation analyses revealed a significant full mediating effect of depression on family function and school climate with suicidal behavior. No significant mediating effects were found for anxiety. The results obtained underline the importance of family and school as protective factors for the prevention of suicidal behavior in adolescents, through the main mediating role of depression. Future studies should evaluate the mechanisms underlying the effects of family function and school climate on depression, and therefore, on suicidal behavior in adolescents.

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“…Most of the evidence about STB risk and protective factors come from Anglo‐Saxon countries; Spanish cross‐national data is limited. Moreover, the available evidence of gender‐differences in STB risk and protective factors is not specific for university students (Miranda‐Mendizabal et al, ). This study aims to determine the association between risk and protective factors and STB stratified by gender and to assess whether there is any interaction between those factors and gender with STB among Spanish university students.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender commonalities and differences in risk and protective factors of suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A cross‐sectional study of Spanish university students

et al. 2019

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Aim: To assess gender differences in the association between risk/protective factors and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB); and whether there is any genderinteraction with those factors and STB; among Spanish university students.Methods: Data from baseline online survey of UNIVERSAL project, a multicenter, observational study of first-year Spanish university students (18-24 years). We assessed STB; lifetime and 12-month negative life-events and family adversities; mental disorders; personal and community factors. Gender-specific regression models and gender-interactions were also analyzed. Results:We included 2,105 students, 55.4% women. Twelve-month prevalence of suicidal ideation (SI) was 10%, plans 5.7%, attempts 0.6%. Statistically significant 05728; Generalitat de Catalunya, Grant/ Award Number: 20172017 gender-interactions were found for lifetime anxiety disorder, hopelessness, violence between parents, chronic health conditions and family support. Lifetime mood disorder was a common risk factor of SI for both genders (Females: OR= 5.5; 95%CI 3.3-9.3; Males: OR= 4.4; 95%CI 2.0-9.7). For females, exposure to violence between parents (OR= 3.5; 95%CI 1.7-7.2), anxiety disorder (OR= 2.7; 95%CI 1.6-4.6), and alcohol/substance disorder (OR= 2.1; 95%CI 1.1-4.3); and for males, physical childhood maltreatment (OR= 3.6; 95%CI 1.4-9.2), deceased parents (OR= 4.6; 95% CI 1.2-17.7), and hopelessness (OR= 7.7; 95%CI 2.8-21.2), increased SI risk. Family support (OR= 0.5; 95%CI 0.2-0.9) and peers/others support (OR= 0.4; 95%CI 0.2-0.8) were associated to a lower SI risk only among females.Conclusions: Only mood disorder was a common risk factor of SI for both genders, whereas important gender-differences were observed regarding the other factors assessed. The protective effect from family and peers/others support was observed only among females. Further research assessing underlying mechanisms and pathways of gender-differences is needed. K E Y W O R D Sanxiety/anxiety disorders, depression, gender, mood disorders, suicide/self-harm

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Gender differences in suicidal behavior in adolescents and young adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies

Cited by 455 publications

References 69 publications

Annual Research Review: A meta‐analytic review of worldwide suicide rates in adolescents

Annual Research Review: A meta‐analytic review of worldwide suicide rates in adolescents

Family and School Contexts as Predictors of Suicidal Behavior among Adolescents: The Role of Depression and Anxiety

Gender commonalities and differences in risk and protective factors of suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A cross‐sectional study of Spanish university students

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