Gender Differences in Serum Leptin Levels in Humans

Hickey, Matthew S.; Israel, R. G.; Gardiner, S. N.; Considine, Robert V.; McCammon, Michael R.; Tyndall, G. L.; Houmard, Joseph A.; Marks, Richard H.L.; José, F.

doi:10.1006/bmme.1996.0056

Cited by 208 publications

(113 citation statements)

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“…In our study, the associations between plasma leptin and lipid concentrations were dependent of the degree of obesity as statistical adjustment for body FM did eliminate the associations. This is concordant with previous studies that reported no relationships between plasma leptin and lipid concentrations after statistical adjustment for adiposity [37,38]. We also found highly significant correlations between plasma leptin concentrations and insulin levels measured in the fasting state or following an oral glucose challenge.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Previous studies had suggested that this difference could be the result of the increased body fat content of women compared to men [14,17,20,[37][38][39][40][41][42]. However, this gender difference remained after adjustment of leptin for adiposity, mostly BMI [14,17,20,37,38,[40][41][42]. In the present study, when women and men were matched for FM, a two-fold difference in leptinaemia remained, women having higher levels than men.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma leptin concentrations: gender differences and associations with metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease

et al. 1997

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Obesity results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Furthermore, obesity has long been recognized to have detrimental effects on health including an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) [1]. In this regard, the recent cloning of the mouse (ob) and human (OB) obese genes and the characterization of its protein product, leptin [2], has been a breakthrough of potentially great importance for the understanding of the pathophysiology of obesity.Leptin has been shown to lower body weight by reducing food intake and increasing energy expenditure in leptin-deficient obese mice (ob/ob) and also to normalize blood glucose levels in the same animals [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Leptin is secreted by white adipose cells and is exclusively expressed in adipose tissue (AT) [2,[9][10][11][12][13]. In this regard, numerous studies have reported a strong relationship between adiposity and plasma leptin concentrations or its AT mRNA levels [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Furthermore, expression of the obese gene is Diabetologia (1997Diabetologia ( ) 40: 1178Diabetologia ( -1184 Plasma leptin concentrations: gender differences and associations with metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease Summary The cloning of the obese gene and the characterization of its protein product, leptin, has permitted the study of a new hormone potentially involved in the regulation of adipose tissue mass. The present study examined the gender differences in fasting plasma leptin concentration and its relationship to body fatness, adipose tissue distribution and the metabolic profile in samples of 91 men (mean age ± SD: 37.3 ± 4.8 years) and 48 women (38.5 ± 6.8 years). Plasma leptin concentrations were strongly associated with body fat mass measured by underwater weighing [men: r = 0.80, p < 0.0001; women: r = 0.85, p < 0.0001]. In both genders, plasma leptin levels were also strongly correlated with waist girth as well as cross-sectional areas of abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue measured by computed tomography. Women had, on average, plasma leptin concentrations that were three times higher than men. Furthermore, this gender difference remained significant when comparing men and women matched for similar levels of body fat mass. The associations between plasma leptin and lipoprotein concentrations were dependent of adiposity. In both men and women, elevated fasting plasma leptin levels were associated with higher plasma insulin concentrations, but only in women was the association maintained after correction for fat mass. Thus, results of the present study show that women have higher plasma leptin levels compared to men, independent of the concomitant variation in total body fat mass. Furthermore, our results also suggest that, in women, the association between plasma leptin and insulin concentrations is independent of adiposity, a finding which provides further support to the observation that adipose tissue leptin secretion may be upregulated by insulin.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

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Plasma leptin concentrations: gender differences and associations with metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease

et al. 1997

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“…This agrees with the ®ndings of some previous reports of higher plasma leptin concentrations in older adults. 11,13,15 The present results support the idea that the increase in plasma leptin concentration observed with advancing age is associated with elevations in adiposity because adjusting for total or truncal fat mass via ANCOVA eliminated the signi®cant age-group differences in leptin. Some previous studies have not found age-related increases in fasting leptin concentrations in men andaor women.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…9 Moreover, plasma leptin levels are strongly related to total fat mass 10 ± 12 and in some cases abdominal or truncal fat mass 13,14 in humans. Elevations in plasma leptin concentrations with age have been observed in some, 11,13,15 but not all 10,12 men or women studied to date. However, the exact nature of the inter-relations among MSNA, adiposity and plasma leptin concentrations with age are unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Relation of leptin and insulin to adiposity-associated elevations in sympathetic activity with age in humans

et al. 2000

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OBJECTIVE: To determine whether plasma leptin and insulin concentrations are related to adiposity-associated elevations in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) with age in healthy adult humans. DESIGN: Cross-sectional investigation of young and older adult men. SUBJECTS: Thirty healthy adult men, 16 young (25 AE 1 y, mean AE s.e.) and 14 older (61 AE 1 y). MEASUREMENTSaRESULTS: The older men had higher (P`0.05) levels of body mass, BMI, total fat mass and truncal fat mass (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) than the young men. MSNA burst frequency (microneurography) was $ 75% higher in the older men (P`0.001). Plasma leptin concentrations were $ 150% higher (P`0.01), whereas plasma insulin concentrations were $ 70% higher (P`0.05) in the older subjects. MSNA was related to both total (r 0.51, P`0.01) and truncal (r 0.56, P`0.01) fat mass. Plasma leptin concentrations were related to total and truncal fat mass (both r 0.83, P`0.001), and to MSNA (r 0.49, P`0.01). Plasma insulin concentrations were related to MSNA (r 0.38, P`0.05). We used partial correlation analyses to assess whether leptin andaor insulin are potential contributors to the relation between body fat and MSNA. Adjusting for the effects of plasma leptin, but not insulin, concentrations eliminated the signi®cant relations between MSNA and total and truncal fat mass. CONCLUSION: Our results: (1) demonstrate a positive relation between MSNA and plasma leptin concentrations in young and older healthy men; and (2) support the concept that circulating leptin concentrations may act as a humoral signal contributing to adiposity-associated elevations in MSNA with age in adult humans.

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