Gender differences in scalp hair growth rates are maintained but reduced in pattern hair loss compared to controls

Neste, D.J.J. Van; Rushton, D. H.

doi:10.1111/srt.12274

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Yet, if

is true then, in general, all absorbed dietary protein is only utilized for EE ; and thus, over time, total body protein persistently decreases because the EE -independent protein loss is not being compensated by dietary intake. EE -independent protein loss occurs in feces (e.g., excretion of mucin, an indigestible protein secreted by the intestinal mucosa [ 27 ]), in sweat (e.g., amino acids may be excreted during physical exertion [ 28 ]), in urine (e.g., urinary excretion of glycine in creatinine [ 29 ] and C-peptide [ 30 ], a 31 amino acid polypeptide generated from insulin secretion) and during renewal of skin, hair and nails (e.g., shedding of dead cells filled with keratin [ 31 , 32 , 33 ]). As a consequence, we run into a contradiction since body weight is simultaneously stable (true absorbed-oxidation identities imply mass balance) and decreasing (body protein is continuously diminishing).…”

Section: Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serious analytical inconsistencies challenge the validity of the energy balance theory

Arencibia-Albite¹

2020

Heliyon

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Energy metabolism theory affirms that body weight stability is achieved as over time the average energy intake equals the average energy expenditure, a state known as energy balance. Here it is demonstrated, however, that weight stability coexists with a persistent energy imbalance. Such unexpected result emerges as a consequence of the answers to three fundamental problems: 1. Is it possible to model body weight fluctuations without the energy balance theory? And if so, what are the benefits over the energy balance strategy? 2. During energy balance, how the oxidized macronutrient distribution that underlies the average energy expenditure is related to the macronutrient distribution of the average energy intake? 3. Is energy balance possible under a low-fat diet that simultaneously satisfies the following conditions? (a) The fat fraction of the absorbed energy intake is always less than the oxidized fat fraction of the energy expenditure. (b) The carbohydrate fraction of the absorbed energy intake is always greater or equal to the oxidized carbohydrate fraction of the energy expenditure. The first of these issues is addressed with the axiomatic method while the rest are managed through analythical arguments. On the whole, this analysis identifies inconsistencies in the principle of energy balance. The axiomatic approach results also in a simple mass balance model that fits experimental data and explains body composition alterations. This model gives rise to a convincing argument that appears to elucidate the advantage of low-carbohydrate diets over isocaloric low-fat diets. It is concluded, according to the aforementioned model, that weight fluctuations are ultimately dependent on the difference between daily food mass intake and daily mass loss (e.g., excretion of macronutrient oxidation products) and not on energy imbalance. In effect, it is shown that assuming otherwise may caused unintended weight gain.

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“…Yet, if

Section: Methods and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serious analytical inconsistencies challenge the validity of the energy balance theory

Arencibia-Albite¹

2020

Heliyon

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“…Gender, hair diameter and health status are significant factors influencing hair growth rates and there is a slightly faster mean growth rate in females as compared to males 24 . In the present study, gender difference in the speed of hair growth was also found in C57BL/6Mlac mice (with a slightly faster in females) as evaluated in the control groups either by the initial hair growth (the first hair growth being visualized) as well as complete hair growth (the whole depilated area being occupied with hair) in Table 1, or percent area of hair growth in Table 2.…”

Section: Hair Growth Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of alcoholic extract from Clitoria ternatea flowers on the proliferation of human dermal papilla cells and hair growth in C57BL/6Mlac mice

Chaksupa¹,

Sookvanichsilp²,

Soonthornchareonnon³

et al. 2022

Pharm Sci Asia

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Clitoria ternatea is a vine native to tropical and equatorial Asia. Previous review articles have mentioned about different biological activities of extracts from flowers and other parts of the plant, but none being related to hair growth-promoting activity. Scientific reports dealing with hair growth-promoting activity of this plant are scarce.In the present study, the effect of alcoholic extract from its flowers on the proliferation of dermal papilla cells (DPCs) from isolated hair papillae of normal human scalp hair follicles was performed in comparison with minoxidil. Moreover, its effect on hair growth was also tested in C57BL/6Mlac mice of both sexes in comparison with minoxidil and latanoprost. The results have indicated that the extract could increase human DPC proliferation and stimulate the initial hair growth of C57BL/6Mlac mice, but it has no ability to increase the number of hair follicles or to prolong the anagen hair follicles. The effects of the C. ternatea alcoholic extract were similar to those of minoxidil.

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“…The earliest measurements in affected follicles involve a shortening of the anagen phase, an increase in telogen (shed) hairs and, in particular, those telogen club hairs ≤30 mm in length, a reduced rate of hair growth, followed by a reduction in hair diameter. 19 , 20 , 21 From the clinical point of view, a substantial amount of individual hair follicle regression is required before noticeable hair loss is perceived by clinicians (>15% 19 ).…”

Section: Background—tracking Hair Follicle Miniaturisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Following historical “tracks” of hair follicle miniaturisation in patterned hair loss: Are elastin bodies the forgotten aetiology?

Rushton

Westgate

Neste³

2021

Experimental Dermatology

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Gender differences in scalp hair growth rates are maintained but reduced in pattern hair loss compared to controls

Abstract: In pattern hair loss, LHGR significantly contributes to the apparent decrease in hair volume in affected areas. In early onset, LHRG might have a prognostic value in females but not in males.

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Serious analytical inconsistencies challenge the validity of the energy balance theory

Serious analytical inconsistencies challenge the validity of the energy balance theory

Effects of alcoholic extract from Clitoria ternatea flowers on the proliferation of human dermal papilla cells and hair growth in C57BL/6Mlac mice

Following historical “tracks” of hair follicle miniaturisation in patterned hair loss: Are elastin bodies the forgotten aetiology?

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