“…In most countries, suicide rate in males is higher than that in females (Pampel, 1998;Hawton, 2000). Although mental disorders based on biological and genetic gender differences are one of the most prominent causes of suicide (Qin et al, 2000;Altemus, 2006;WHO, 2013a), socio-economic factors linked to changes in gender roles could also explain the gender different changes in suicide with increasing male suicide and decreasing female suicide (Hawton, 2000;Zhang et al, 2005;Dombrovski et al, 2008;Karch, 2011). The impacts of economic indices, such as income, bankrupt, economic inequality (Neumayer, 2003;West, 2003;Shah et al, 2009), and social indicators, including divorce, birthrate, family size, female labor force participation, on suicide have been broadly studied (Burr et al, 1997;Chuang et al, 1997;Neumayer, 2003).…”