Gender differences in responses to thin, athletic, and hyper-muscular idealized bodies

Watson, Ar'Reon; Murnen, Sarah K.

doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.03.010

Cited by 46 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The Western ideal of beauty for men is based on an athletic, slightly muscled body [ 15 ], while for women, it has long been based on extreme thinness [ 12 ]. However, in recent years the “fitspiration” movement, which promotes not only a thin ideal, but an athletic and toned body as an indicator of health, has been predominating in the social networks [ 16 ] and changing the ideal of feminine beauty [ 17 ]. According to the tripartite model, body dissatisfaction and disordered eating develop when, due to persistent sociocultural influences, the body image is internalized and the person makes frequent comparisons of their own physical appearance with that of others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a Spanish Version of the Physical Appearance Comparison Scales

Senín‐Calderón

Santos-Morocho

Rodríguez‐Testal

2020

IJERPH

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Physical appearance comparison has been widely studied because of its strong relationship with body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. The main objective of this study was to validate the physical appearance comparison scales (PACS-Revised and PACS-3) in a sample of Spanish men and women and examine their psychometric properties. The sample consisted of 1151 participants (age M = 22.31, SD = 3.40). A unidimensional structure was corroborated in the PACS-R, and three factors in the PACS-3 (proximal, distal, and muscularity comparisons). The PACS-R and PACS-3 showed full scalar invariance across sex. The internal consistency for the PACS-R and subscales of PACS-3 were satisfactory. Positive statistically significant relationships were found with measures of disordered eating (EAT-26) and dysmorphic concern (DCQ). Hierarchical multiple regression analyses demonstrated that the PACS-3 discretely improved the prediction of disordered eating over PACS-R, but did not show improvement in the prediction of dysmorphic concern beyond the PACS-R. These findings suggest that the PACS-R and PACS-3 may be useful tools for evaluating the tendency of men and women to compare their physical appearance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a Spanish Version of the Physical Appearance Comparison Scales

Senín‐Calderón

Santos-Morocho

Rodríguez‐Testal

2020

IJERPH

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“…In other words, females tend to desire thinner bodies, while males tend to desire more muscular physiques. Additionally, recent evidence suggests that current Western body ideals are shifting toward toned, thin physiques for women and lean, muscular ones for men [4]. Thus, young adults' body image disturbances are a complex matter; therefore, a need exists to understand body ideals and their negative consequences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociocultural Influences, Drive for Thinness, Drive for Muscularity, and Body Dissatisfaction among Korean Undergraduates

You

Shin

2020

IJERPH

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For many years, body dissatisfaction was considered a western phenomenon, and was studied mostly in Caucasian women. Recent studies, however, suggest that these issues are also present in men and in other ethnic groups. This research investigated the differential effects of various sociocultural pressures transmitted from the media, one’s parents, and one’s peers on the drives for thinness and muscularity, and body dissatisfaction among 1125 Korean college students (56% male) using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that, after controlling for body mass index and exercise, media pressures exerted the largest effects on participants’ body ideals and, in turn, body dissatisfaction across both genders (β = 0.44, and 0.30, p < 0.05, for females and males, respectively). This study’s results also indicate that there are considerable gender differences in this relationship. Specifically, the results show that parental and media pressure had significant indirect relationships with body dissatisfaction via the drive for thinness among females, while peer and media pressures had significant indirect relationships with body dissatisfaction via the drive for muscularity among males. As body dissatisfaction is known to significantly affect an individual’s mental and physical health, future research needs to identify relevant influential factors in this area, as well as the paths they have leading to increased body dissatisfaction.

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“…Previous research by Suniarto et al found that Indonesian women tend to compare their bodies with friends, actresses, and family/relatives [39] and Swami and Jafar found that men are more appreciative and accepting their bodies than women do [42]. Appearance is an important life aspect for women [27,32] because they tend to critique one's appearances [50]. Therefore, studies show that women's body appreciation score lower than men [20,30,49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Studies about body image reveal that there are several things that might affect someone's in positive and negative way. Most men are accepting and satisfied with their body while women mostly struggling to accept theirs [50]. Women mostly feel unsatisfied with their bodies, tend to lose their weight, and always wanted to look thin in any circumstances [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intensity of exposure to thin-ideal images causes the unsatisfaction on one's body [4]. Family, friends, and media play the biggest factors to pressure one's ideal body [38] and formerly found that media plays a significant role [50] that made one's normally and instantly compare their bodies [24,30] even though women realize that they might've human phases that change their appearances [45]. Previous research by Suniarto et al found that Indonesian women tend to compare their bodies with friends, actresses, and family/relatives [39] and Swami and Jafar found that men are more appreciative and accepting their bodies than women do [42].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Correlation Between Thin-Ideal Pressure and Body Appreciation Among Young Adult Women

Setiadi¹,

Risnawaty²

2021

Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research

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Most people tend to have some ideal type towards something. The most common idealistic around is body ideal, such as women look up to thin-ideal type and men look up to fit and muscular-ideal type. In reality, women are more into a specific body type (thin-ideal) rather than men, therefore there's a pressure to fit into a thin-ideal type. The thin-ideal pressure come from society, especially from family, peers, & media that may cause negative effects towards one's mental health and perspectives. There is body appreciation that might protect someone from social idealistic towards body. Therefore, this research focus on correlation between thin-ideal pressure and body appreciation among young adult women, that both variables are haven't been researched enough. There are 818 participants who participate on this research through online google form. This research use SATAQ-4 to measure thin-ideal pressure and BAS-2 to measure body appreciation. The result shows that there is a negative significant correlation between thin-ideal pressure and body appreciation in every dimension of thin-ideal pressure with p = 0.00 < 0.05. In this paper, will be discussed furthermore about the correlation between Body Appreciation and every dimensions of Thin-Ideal Pressure.

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Gender differences in responses to thin, athletic, and hyper-muscular idealized bodies

Cited by 46 publications

References 56 publications

Validation of a Spanish Version of the Physical Appearance Comparison Scales

Validation of a Spanish Version of the Physical Appearance Comparison Scales

Sociocultural Influences, Drive for Thinness, Drive for Muscularity, and Body Dissatisfaction among Korean Undergraduates

Correlation Between Thin-Ideal Pressure and Body Appreciation Among Young Adult Women

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