Gender differences in rat plasma proteome in response to high‐fat diet

Abstract

Knowledge of gender differences is important because nutritional recommendations on the basis of data collected using predominantly male subjects may not be valid for women. In the present study, we performed proteomic analysis in plasma of rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) using 2-DE combined with MALDI-TOF-MS for analysis of differential regulation patterns between male and female plasma proteins. Male rats gained more body weight with increased values of biochemical parameters than female rats. Image analysis and further statistical analysis allowed detection and identification of 31 proteins that were significantly modulated in a gender-dependent manner in response to HFD. Those differential expressed proteins were classified into three groups based on their regulation patterns in response to diet and gender. Consequently, we found 13 proteins showing gender-different regulation in both normal diet (ND) and HFD, where 9 proteins showed identical regulation patterns (Group I) and 4 proteins exhibited opposite regulation mode (Group II) between the genders. Eighteen proteins showed no gender-difference but HFD-responsive regulation (Group III). Of these, Apo A-IV, CRP precursor, Hp precursor, and FGG showed a clear gender difference in both ND and HFD, with the same regulation patterns. Present proteomic research into gender-dimorphic protein modulation in plasma would aid in improvement of gender awareness in the health care system and in implementation of evidence-based gender-specific clinical recommendations.

Sex Hormones Regulate Hepatic Fetuin Expression in Male and Female Rats

“…2 and 4). These results are in line with our earlier finding that Ft-A and Ft-B levels are significantly reduced in HFD-fed male rats [27]. Indeed, E2 induced similar changes in Ft-A and Ft-B expression, whereas DHT induced the opposite expression patterns (Figs.…”

“…Laughlin et al [26] reported that higher Ft-A concentrations in the blood are related to an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes in older women, whereas they are not associated with diabetes risk in older men. In our earlier study, we found that plasma levels of both Ft-A and Ft-B are significantly lower in males after HFD feeding while remarkably higher in females [27]. Moreover, Ft-B has been shown to be up-regulated in plasma of both male and female diabetic rats [28].…”

Responses of Mytilus galloprovincialis to bacterial challenges by metabolomics and proteomics

“…Not only can proteomics describe a complete proteome at organelle, cell, or tissue levels, but it can also compare the protein profiles from different treatments and can then identify changes in protein expression levels combined with mass spectrometry and software databases [7]. The twodimensional electrophoresis (2-DE)-based proteomics remains useful in resolving protein extracts from organisms due to its high resolution and low expense [8,9]. Metabolomics can be used to characterize metabolic profiles in various biological systems including organs, tissues, biofluids, or even whole organisms [10,11].…”

Gender-dependent Protein Expression in White Adipose Tissues of Lean and Obese Rats Fed a High Fat Diet

“…[14]). However, after 2 weeks, body weight and food intake of the HFD rats were higher (p<0.05) than those of ND rats at all subsequent time points in both genders [14]. Total body gain per food intake of HFD fed male rats was higher in female by an average of approximately 30% (p=0.001).…”

“…In our previous studies, we investigated genderdependent protein expression in plasma [14], skeletal muscle [15], brown adipose tissue [16], and liver [17] of rats in response to HFD treatment and found existence in clear gender dimorphism. To date, proteome profiling of adipose tissues has been established by many investigators, focusing mostly on a specific fat deposit [18][19][20].…”