Gender Differences in Psychotropic Use Across Europe: Results From a Large Cross-Sectional, Population-Based Study

Boyd, Anders; Velde, Sarah Van de; Pivette, Mathilde; Have, Margreet ten; Florescu, Silvia; O’Neill, Siobhan; Caldas-de-Almeida, José Miguel; Vilagut, Gemma; Haro, Josep María; Alonso, Jordi; Kovess-Masfety, Viviane

doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.05.001

Cited by 54 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This is consistent with Carrell et al (2015) and Hylan et al (2015) which both found women to represent about two-thirds of the chronic opioid therapy population in their studies. Overall, higher women's representation is consistent with the notion that women are more likely than men to use psychotropic and opioid medications (31)(32)(33). However, men generally have higher rate of opioid overdose deaths per 100,000…”

Section: Demographicssupporting

confidence: 70%

A Comparison Of Text Mining Versus Diagnostic Codes To Identify Opioid Use Problem: A Retrospective Study

Alzeer

Jones

Liu

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background As opioid prescriptions have risen, there has also been a rise in opioid overdose deaths and substance use disorders. Public health systems have tried to improve their ability to detect and intervene in opioid use disorders to prevent death due to overdose. The objective of this study is to compare two approaches to identify opioid use problems (OUP) using electronic health record data- text mining versus diagnostic codes.Methods Our sample consisted of adults on long-term opioid therapy (LTOT), defined as at least ≥ 70 days of supply within 90 days, and who visited a large multi-hospital network within a two-year period, between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2014. We excluded patients with active cancer or schizophrenia. Text mining results were validated by a semi-assisted human review process and positive predictive value and level of agreement was reported. Each algorithm sought to identify patients who visited a health care facility due to an opioid poisoning event, opioid abuse, or opioid dependence. Population characteristics for positive OUP identified by text mining and ICD cohorts were compared. Chi-square and Fishers exact test were used for categorical data analysis and independent t-test was used to compare means for continuous variables. We further compared the demographics of the cohorts identified by the two methods.Results We identified 14,298 eligible LTOT patients. Text mining of relevant electronic clinical notes yielded 127 positive OUP cases compared to 45 cases using International Classification of Disease (ICD)-9 codes for the same population. Just eight OUP patients were identified using both methods. The two cohorts differed significantly with respect to age, gender, and other characteristics.Conclusions Compared to diagnostic codes, text mining identified more OUP cases with distinct characteristics. Incorporating text-mining techniques into OUP surveillance methods may support better detection of OUP and more accurate estimates of prevalence.

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Section: Demographicssupporting

confidence: 70%

A Comparison Of Text Mining Versus Diagnostic Codes To Identify Opioid Use Problem: A Retrospective Study

Alzeer

Jones

Liu

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Several studies have found AD use to be higher among women, and the increased prescription of ADs in recent decades is especially notable among women. [23][24][25]30,43 The higher level of AD prescribing to women may in part be attributed to the greater consumption of healthcare among women in general. 36,44 Apropos of this, there are studies that show that women are more likely than men to receive a prescription during their medical visits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…22 Similar patterns have been found in other countries. [23][24][25] The explanation for this escalation, especially seen in women, remains unclear, but has sometimes been interpreted as a sign of inappropriate use. 8,9 Nevertheless, despite the widespread use of ADs, depression has repeatedly been shown to be inadequately treated in the general population.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Are men under-treated and women over-treated with antidepressants? Findings from a cross-sectional survey in Sweden

et al. 2017

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Aims and method To examine gender differences in self-reported depression and prescribed antidepressants (ADs). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to assess depression, and information on prescribed ADs was obtained from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register.Results Depression was reported by 11.7% of the participants (12.3% men and 11.2% women). ADs were prescribed for 7.6% of the participants (5.3% men, 9.8% women). Among men, 1.8% reported depression and used ADs, 10.5% reported depression but did not use ADs, and 3.6% used ADs but did not report depression. The corresponding figures for women were 2.6%, 8.6% and 7.2%.Clinical implications Men report depression to a greater extent than women but are prescribed ADs to a lesser extent, possibly a sign of under-treatment. Women are prescribed ADs without reporting depression more often than men, possibly a sign of over-treatment. Although the causes remain unclear, diagnostic and treatment guidelines should benefit from considering gender differences in these respects.

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“…The prevalence of antidepressants, in the total study population as well as in all the different ATC groups studied, was higher among women than among men during the 3-month period studied. The overall greater use of antidepressants among women compared to men is well-known [6,40]. However, whether this indicates that women are more depressed than men is hard to confirm.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Antidepressantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between prescribed antidepressants and other prescribed drugs differ by gender: a nationwide register-based study in Sweden

Sundbom

Hedborg

2019

Nordic Journal of Psychiatry

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Background: People with depression are prescribed more drugs than people in general, partly due to comorbidity with other conditions. However, little research has been done on depression-related drug use from a gender perspective. Aim: Examine the association between antidepressants, other types of prescribed drugs, and polypharmacy, by gender. Methods: Data on drugs dispensed October to December 2016 to all Swedish citizens aged 18-84 years were collected from the Swedish prescribed drug register. Logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between antidepressants and other drugs, by gender. Results: For both men and women, associations were found between antidepressants and drugs for alimentary tract problems, respiratory problems, blood, nervous system, analgesics, and polypharmacy. However, for women, but not men, associations were also found for drugs for diabetes, musculoskeletal problems, dermatological problems, and systemic hormones. Conclusions: Associations were found between antidepressants and many other types of drugs for both men and women; indicating comorbidity between depression and other conditions. Further, some of the associations between antidepressants and other drugs were found to be specific among women. Whether this indicates that men and women differ in comorbidity between depression and other conditions cannot be concluded based on this cross-sectional study. However, comorbidity impairs the possibility of recovery; in the somatic condition as well as the depression. Thus, physicians need to be aware that the association between antidepressants and other types of drugs are more common among women than men.

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Gender Differences in Psychotropic Use Across Europe: Results From a Large Cross-Sectional, Population-Based Study

Abstract: Women use psychotropic medication consistently more often than men, yet reasons for their use are similar between genders. These differences also appear to be contingent on the specific mental disorder.

Cited by 54 publications

References 45 publications

A Comparison Of Text Mining Versus Diagnostic Codes To Identify Opioid Use Problem: A Retrospective Study

A Comparison Of Text Mining Versus Diagnostic Codes To Identify Opioid Use Problem: A Retrospective Study

Are men under-treated and women over-treated with antidepressants? Findings from a cross-sectional survey in Sweden

Association between prescribed antidepressants and other prescribed drugs differ by gender: a nationwide register-based study in Sweden

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Gender Differences in Psychotropic Use Across Europe: Results From a Large Cross-Sectional, Population-Based Study

Abstract: Women use psychotropic medication consistently more often than men, yet reasons for their use are similar between genders. These differences also appear to be contingent on the specific mental disorder.

Cited by 54 publications

References 45 publications

A Comparison Of Text Mining Versus Diagnostic Codes To Identify Opioid Use Problem: A Retrospective Study​

A Comparison Of Text Mining Versus Diagnostic Codes To Identify Opioid Use Problem: A Retrospective Study​

Are men under-treated and women over-treated with antidepressants? Findings from a cross-sectional survey in Sweden

Association between prescribed antidepressants and other prescribed drugs differ by gender: a nationwide register-based study in Sweden

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Product

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A Comparison Of Text Mining Versus Diagnostic Codes To Identify Opioid Use Problem: A Retrospective Study

A Comparison Of Text Mining Versus Diagnostic Codes To Identify Opioid Use Problem: A Retrospective Study