Gender Differences in Police Encounters Among Persons With and Without Serious Mental Illness

Crocker, Anne G.; Hartford, R.N. Kathleen; Heslop, Lisa

doi:10.1176/ps.2009.60.1.86

Cited by 74 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In recent years, there has been considerable growth in public interest and concern over the increasing number of criminal justice contacts among individuals living with mental illness (Crocker, Hartford, & Heslop, 2009;Roy, Crocker, Nicholls, Latimer, & ReyesAyllon, 2014;Sinha, 2009). Considerably less attention has been focused on the victimization of mentally ill individuals.…”

Section: Overview Of Preliminary Results From the At Home/ Chez Soi Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Priorities in Mental Health, Justice, and Safety: A Multidisciplinary Stakeholder Report

Crocker

Nicholls

Seto

et al. 2015

International Journal of Forensic Mental Health

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Participants identified key challenges: (1) inadequate identification and response to needs by civil mental health services and frontline law enforcement, (2) limited specialized resources in forensic and correctional settings, (3) fragmented care and gaps between systems, (4) limited resources for adequate community reintegration, and (5) poor knowledge transfer strategies as obstacles to evidence-based policies. Knowledge gaps were identified in epidemiology and risk reduction, frontline training and programs, forensic and correctional practices, organizations and institutions, knowledge transfer, and rehabilitation. Finally, participants identified potential sources of support to conduct real time research with regard to data collection and sharing. The findings represent a roadmap for how forensic mental health systems can best proceed to address current challenges through research and practice initiatives, drawing from lived, clinical and research experiences of a multidisciplinary group of experts.

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Section: Overview Of Preliminary Results From the At Home/ Chez Soi Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Priorities in Mental Health, Justice, and Safety: A Multidisciplinary Stakeholder Report

Crocker

Nicholls

Seto

et al. 2015

International Journal of Forensic Mental Health

Self Cite

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“…In addition, the task force recommended that "Law enforcement agencies should engage in multidisciplinary, community team approaches for planning, implementing, and responding to crisis situations with complex causal factors," (Recommendation 4.3) (President 0 s Task Force on 21st Century Policing, 2015, p. 44). However, recent studies have determined that people with mental disorders are more likely to experience police contacts (Crocker, Hartford, & Heslop, 2009) and to be charged as a result of an "indirect procedural bias" (Schulenberg, 2016). Given the dual roles of law enforcement officers (Steadman & Morrissette, 2016), it is important for law enforcement officers to have access to specialized responses and to the other components of Intercept 0 as an alternative to hospital emergency departments and to arrest.…”

Section: Law Enforcement Specialized Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revising the paradigm for jail diversion for people with mental and substance use disorders: Intercept 0

Abreu

Parker

Noether

et al. 2017

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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A conceptual model for community-based strategic planning to address the criminalization of adults with mental and substance use disorders, the Sequential Intercept Model has provided jurisdictions with a framework that overcomes traditional boundaries between the agencies within the criminal justice and behavioral health systems. This article presents a new paradigm, Intercept 0, for expanding the utility of the Sequential Intercept Model at the front end of the criminal justice system. Intercept 0 encompasses the early intervention points for people with mental and substance use disorders before they are placed under arrest by law enforcement. The addition of Intercept 0 creates a conceptual space that enables stakeholders from the mental health, substance use, and criminal justice systems to consider the full spectrum of real-world interactions experienced by people with mental and substance use disorders with regard to their trajectories, or lack thereof, through the criminal justice system.

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“…When looking at public perceptions of offenders, it has been repeatedly proven that gender plays a role in prejudice and leniency (Doerner and Demuth, 2014; Pina Sanchez and Harris, 2020). Women who commit crimes tend to be seen as social problems as opposed to criminal challenges like their male counterparts (Crocker et al , 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A quantitative analysis of gender impact in judgements of offenders with mental illnesses

Waller,

Liachenko Monteiro

2023

JCRPP

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the effect gender has on the public perceptions of offenders with mental health issues. The authors aim to understand how offenders with mental illness are viewed by the public so future information and practices can be implemented to further educate on the topic of mental illness. Research has shown that mental health education can be a pivotal part of reducing risk and crime among the mentally ill population. Design/methodology/approach This study applies a quantitative design using vignettes. There were four scenarios, two as controls, and two experimental variables to examine how responses differed depending on gender and mental health. Twenty statements then followed each vignette and participants were asked to share how much they aligned their opinions with each statement on a five-point Likert scale. The sample was comprised of 80 participants. Findings The findings of this study largely support the relevant literature on the topic of gender and mental illness in offenders. Overall, the public was the least supportive of female offenders with mental illness, followed by male offenders with mental illness, then male offenders and lastly the most support was directed towards female offenders. Therefore, the present study’s initial hypotheses are also supported in that female offenders will garner a more sympathetic reaction than their male counterparts. However, if female offenders have mental health issues, they are viewed more negatively than males. Research limitations/implications For future replication of this study, the authors consider that a larger and more gender-balanced sample size would increase the ecological validity of the findings. Despite this, the findings of this study do fall in line with the relevant literature. Therefore, suggesting perhaps that the gender of the sample does not affect the overall outcome of the results. Practical implications Education regarding mental health for the public should be implemented as research has found this effective in de-stigmatising and helping to create protective factors to reduce offending. More training is needed for professionals within the criminal justice system, including police personnel, to ensure they are better equipped to consider the needs and behaviours of mentally ill individuals. The authors suggest that mental health awareness should be taught as part of the education system in the UK to help de-stigmatise and share helpful resources. The prison system in the UK needs to be able to provide better treatment programmes for inmates with mental health issues as research shows this is the most effective form of treatment at reducing recidivism. Social implications The social implications of this study are that it aims to understand perceptions of mental illness, gender and offending and, therefore, use the conclusions drawn to inform what is needed to improve perceptions if necessary. De-stigmatising and acknowledging mental illness can allow for better access to appropriate treatment. Facilitating reintegration back into society, and, therefore, increasing peer support which has been shown to reduce reoffending rates within the mentally ill population. Originality/value There are very few research studies looking at the impact of both gender and mental illness on how offenders are perceived. Most relevant research tends to either pick one or the other and therefore the present study is unique. In addition, most established research looks at the perception of a specific population. Whereas the present study has used a small but broad UK participant sample which is likely to be more generalisable. Finally, the results of this research have been able to both meet the aims of the study and accept the proposed hypotheses.

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Gender Differences in Police Encounters Among Persons With and Without Serious Mental Illness

Cited by 74 publications

References 39 publications

Research Priorities in Mental Health, Justice, and Safety: A Multidisciplinary Stakeholder Report

Research Priorities in Mental Health, Justice, and Safety: A Multidisciplinary Stakeholder Report

Revising the paradigm for jail diversion for people with mental and substance use disorders: Intercept 0

A quantitative analysis of gender impact in judgements of offenders with mental illnesses

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