Gender differences in patient outcomes following drug abuse treatment in Afghanistan: Results from a new evaluation

Schweinhart, April; Shamblen, Stephen R.; Shepherd, Casey; Courser, Matthew; Young, Linda; Morales, Brian; Redpath, Brock

doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108475

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Thus, women living under domestic and gender violence were more inclined toward suicide [32]. Furthermore, women living in patriarchal societies like Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh are more vulnerable to completing or attempting suicide [33,34]. Most research states that interpersonal relationship disputes, domestic conflicts, and economic problems are the fundamental reasons for suicides in Pakistan [19,35,36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Institutional Interventions to Mitigate Suicides: A Study of Causes and Prevention

Ullah

Shah²,

Khan

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Suicide is an extreme, tragic act and an important subject for social inquiry. It is the rising public health issue prevalent in the Himalayan range of Pakistan. The young and educated population is more prone to suicide instead of using this prime phase of age productively. Unfortunately, the suicide problem remains unaddressed, the causes remain undefined, solutions are not in the works, and in situations when others play a part in driving someone to commit suicide, no one is being held accountable. This study is aimed at uncovering the root causes of suicide and proposing some preventive measures to mitigate the problem. Our team studied three years’ worth of data (2017–2019) on suicides from the office of Human Rights Commission of Pakistan, Chitral. In addition, we conducted semi-structured interviews of different stakeholders, including family members, neighbors, lawyers, and police personnel. The findings revealed that extended family pressures, the power dynamic between sustainers and dependents, family conflicts, and inheritance cases were the major causes of the domestic violence that preceded suicide attempts. Mental health issues, forced marriages, academic competitions, and flawed litigation processes were also among the leading causes of suicide. Awareness through education and religious sermons, strengthening healthcare organizations, restructuring family systems, establishing police complaint centers, effective prosecution processes, and imparting lifesaving skills have been identified as measures to prevent suicide. This study has theoretical and practical implications, as it adds certain novel variables regarding the causes and solutions of suicide to the existing body of literature and guides public authorities to strengthen institutions to intervene effectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Institutional Interventions to Mitigate Suicides: A Study of Causes and Prevention

Ullah

Shah²,

Khan

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…There has also been a near-direct connection of FV to the economic insecurity and feelings of financial powerlessness experienced by males struggling to maintain ever-scarce employment, and feelings of inadequacy may subsequently be displaced onto female relatives (36,55). Often exacerbated by substance dependence (80), multiple risk factors have rendered a generation of Afghan men increasingly incapacitated, leaving women to assume greater responsibilities. As a result of these economic hardships, many Afghan women engage in significant amounts of domestic labor, while also engaging in some form of income generation, though these activities are frequently limited in scope to preserve their dignity as married women (36,55).…”

Section: Gender-based Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations in designing trauma-focused interventions for displaced Afghan women

Ramos

2023

Front. Glob. Womens Health

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In light of the 2021 United States military withdrawal from Afghanistan, as well as the humanitarian crises of mass displacement and subsequent health system strain that have ensued, practitioners worldwide will need to develop a more nuanced understanding of the adverse life experiences that women from Afghanistan frequently endorse. As they bear a disproportionate impact of constraints within Afghan society, and as patriarchal systems affect most of their life domains, women from Afghanistan may present with high levels of baseline trauma upon resettlement, and health systems may seek to attenuate this distress; However, the nature of these traumatogenic events may shape women's receptivity to psychosocial interventions, particularly those which are at least partially rooted in Western modalities. In the absence of sufficient literature on evidence-based interventions for this population, a diversity of ethnographic and clinical literature is synthesized, including literature on interventions alleged to be compatible with Afghan norms. As it will be essential to support Afghan women's mental health following social reorganization on a massive scale, considerations arising from the interdisciplinary literature are offered so that they may inform the development of structured, trauma-focused interventions and so that the health systems with which they interface may be better prepared to serve them.

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“…These and other demographic factors influence the type of medical and mental health services sought, how readily they are pursued, and whether these services are of a public or private nature (and thus the financial burden incurred). They may also constrain the degree to which a woman may pursue services rendered via a male provider (Kabeer & Khan, 2014;Kovess-Masfety et al, 2021;Mayhew et al, 2008;Newbrander, 2008;Schweinhart et al, 2021;Shahram et al, 2015;Steinhardt et al, 2008). In terms of gender circumscribing experiences, Rasmussen et al (2014) write, "Men and women inhabit different social and emotional spaces in Afghanistan, with downstream implications for psychosocial and physiological well-being" (p.8).…”

Section: Self-efficacy Within the Domestic Spherementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the current sociopolitical environment in Afghanistan is frequently thought of as entirely repressive to women, it is important to explore the creative ways in which women have chosen to empower themselves, especially as many households lose their men's support to disaster, disability, unemployment or drug use (Kabeer & Khan, 2014;Schütte, 2014;Schweinhart et al, 2021). Some authors, though, maintain that claims about women being respected in the performance of their social duties are a sweeping generalization, as many receive no recognition for their contributions until they can gain leverage by generating income.…”

Section: Previous Studies On Interventions For Afghan Clientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interventions and participatory clinical research for the enhancement of health systems interfacing with displaced Afghan women

Ramos¹

2022

Preprint

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In light of the 2021 United States military withdrawal from Afghanistan and the humanitarian crises of mass displacement and health system strain that have ensued, this article focuses on Afghan family systems as a means of enhancing practitioner awareness of the potential impact of adverse life experiences on resettled Afghans’ receptivity to psychosocial interventions at least partially rooted in Western methodologies. As they bear a disproportionate impact of constraints within Afghan society, and as patriarchal systems affect most of their life domains, in addition to migration and conflict-induced stress, women from Afghanistan may have high baseline trauma levels upon resettlement. In the absence of robust literature on evidence-based psychosocial interventions for this population, ethnographic work and literature on existing clinical models alleged to be compatible with Afghan norms is reviewed and synthesized. The article finds the need for improved provider education in working with foreign-born populations, and thus proposes participatory research design considerations for future clinical studies, elaborating on important considerations for the evaluation of extant understandings following social reorganization on a massive scale.

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Gender differences in patient outcomes following drug abuse treatment in Afghanistan: Results from a new evaluation

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Mapping Institutional Interventions to Mitigate Suicides: A Study of Causes and Prevention

Mapping Institutional Interventions to Mitigate Suicides: A Study of Causes and Prevention

Considerations in designing trauma-focused interventions for displaced Afghan women

Interventions and participatory clinical research for the enhancement of health systems interfacing with displaced Afghan women

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