Gender differences in parental grief

Schwab, Reiko

doi:10.1080/07481189608252744

Cited by 84 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, bereaved fathers believed that talking about their grief signified in acceptance to fate that has already determined by God. Literature had described gender as one of the factors that made bereaved parents to face challenge in their spousal relationship post-loss (Becvar, 2001;Schwab, 1996). This study supported that the dissimilarity in communication as a coping style has led to conflicts in marital relationship among bereaved parents in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Parental Grief and Marital Issues Aftermath: A Pilot Study

Hussin

Azman²

2016

JAH

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The death of a child is difficult to the bereaved parents. Literature had associated the loss with marriage disruption. The issues on that the difficulties to communicate, gender-related coping mechanisms and sexual need were discussed as reasons for bereaved parents to have conflict in their relationship. However there is limited knowledge about this issue. A pilot study has been conducted among six bereaved parents. The bereaved parents were Malaysian Muslim bereaved parents. They were interviewed individually to explore the challenges or conflicts that they had experienced after the death of their child. This study revealed that there were situations which bereaved parents described as having difficulties in their relationship. However, this study also revealed that the mutual understanding and respect to each other are the most of important components for bereaved parents to maintain their relationship post-loss. This study suggested the importance of suggesting couple counselling to bereaved parents after the death of their child.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Parental Grief and Marital Issues Aftermath: A Pilot Study

Hussin

Azman²

2016

JAH

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“…The GEI (Sanders et al, 1985) and BEQ (Demi & Schroeder, 1987) include items for guilt, while the Grief Experience Questionnaire (GEQ; Barrett & Scott, 1990) includes items for shame. The GEI has been validated (Schwab, 1996), but validation of the GEQ and BEQ has not been reported. However, these scales were all developed for measuring grief rather than guilt or shame specifically (Tomita & Kitamura, 2002), and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for GEI guilt is .57 (Bohannon, 1990).…”

Section: Appraisal Of Sampling Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of the Peer-Reviewed Literature on Self-Blame, Guilt, and Shame

Duncan

Cacciatore

2015

Omega (Westport)

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This is the first systematic review of the evidence on the prevalence of self-blame, guilt, and shame in bereaved parents. A search of PsychINFO, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PubMed, and Science Direct resulted in 18 studies for the period 1975 to 2013 which the authors have appraised. Self-blame, guilt, and shame are common in bereaved parents, albeit to varying degrees, with differential relationships to sex, and diminishing over time. There is some evidence that guilt and shame predict more intense grief reactions and that self-blame predicts posttraumatic symptomology, anxiety, and depression in bereaved parents. Heterogeneity of the studies and numerous methodological concerns limit the synthesis and strength of the evidence and the generalizability of the findings. Self-blame, guilt, and shame are commonly experienced by bereaved parents. Awareness of these affective states may assist clinicians in the identification of bereaved parents who are at a higher risk of developing adverse psychological outcomes. Overall, self-blame, guilt, and shame have received very little attention in the bereavement research, leaving many unanswered questions. Implications for practice and recommendations for future research are discussed. Self-blame, guilt, and shame are common in bereavement and may hinder the healthy progression of mourning (Buckle & Fleming, 2011;Humphrey, 2009;Rando, 1986 , 1989). However, self-blame, guilt, and shame have received relatively little attention in parental bereavement research. Reviews of guilt and shame in bereavement are either not current or comprehensive, narrative in style and therefore more susceptible to researcher bias or focused on various types of bereavement rather than parental bereavement specifically (Buckle & Fleming, 2011;Humphrey, 2009;Rando, 1986). Miles and Demi (1986) have proposed the only current theory of guilt in bereaved parents. While clinicians acknowledge that self-blame, guilt, and shame often hinder the progression of normal grieving, there are currently no robust, empirically tested theories of self-blame, guilt, and shame in bereaved parents to guide either diagnoses or interventions. This is the first systematic review of the literature on self-blame, guilt, and shame in bereaved parents characterized by a specific research question, inclusion and exclusion criteria, an explicit search strategy, systematic data extraction procedure, coding and analysis of the studies, methodological appraisal, and a synthesis of the available evidence text. These characteristics reduce the likelihood of reviewer bias or selective citation and provide readers with the information necessary to appraise both the included studies and the systematic review itself (Mulrow, 1994;Pai et al., 2004).Defining Self-Blame, Guilt, and Shame Both guilt and shame are self-conscious emotions involving self-blame (Tangney & Salovey, 1999) and, because they are intimately related, they are more difficult to observe as separate phenomena (Blum, 2008;Kubany & Watson, 2003;Silfver, 2007). ...

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“…This standardized scale provides objective measures of grief using 135 subjective questions. Schwab (2001) found that using the GEI may facilitate respectful and necessary discussion between bereaved parents, enhancing understanding of each other's pain:…”

Section: Implications For Practicementioning

confidence: 99%