Gender differences in NIH grant funding in neurological surgery

Silva, Nicole A.; Cerasiello, Samantha Y.; Herendeen, John; Sotayo, Alaba; Say, Irene; Mazzola, Catherine A.; Liu, James K.; Eloy, Jean Anderson

doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2020.07.052

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Gender bias in funding received has been the main topic of 3 manuscripts 38–40 . Atkinson et al 38 found that among 1642 awards distributed in 20 years by different surgical societies, 74.3% were received by males and only 25.5% by females.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Male surgeons still represent between 70% and 80% of first and senior author in most surgical specialties, [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] with marginal improvement over time 30,31 Women were also reported to receive a lower number of awards from surgical societies 38 and NIH, 39 representing only 25% and 20% of winners, respectively, despite having the same academic rank of male competitors; moreover, the mean NIH funding grant received by men is 25% higher than those received by women. 39 Lower research productivity has an important impact in delaying Academic Career Advancement. Gender discrimination and lack of mentoring are responsible for a paucity of representation of women in research and academic positions 51,53,54 leading women to flee academia at unacceptably high rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gender discrimination exists also for the amount of grant awarded within National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding, with mean NIH funding per grant for men higher than for women ($365,760 men vs $292,912 women). 39…”

Section: Discrimination In Authorship Research Productivity and Fundingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discrimination Toward Women in Surgery

et al. 2022

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Background:Over the past twenty years explicit gender bias toward women in surgery has been replaced by more subtle barriers, which represent indirect forms of discrimination and prevents equality.Objective:The aim of our scoping review is to summarize the different forms of discrimination toward women in surgery.Methods:The database search consisted of original studies regarding discrimination toward female surgeons.Results:Of 3615 studies meeting research criteria, 63 were included. Of these articles, 11 (18%) were focused on gender-based discrimination, 14 (22%) on discrimination in authorship, research productivity, and research funding, 21 (33%) on discrimination in academic surgery, 7 (11%) on discrimination in surgical leadership positions and 10 (16%) on discrimination during conferences and in surgical societies. The majority (n = 53, 84%) of the included studies were conducted in the U.S.A. According to our analysis, female surgeons experience discrimination from male colleagues, healthcare workers, but also from patients and trainees. Possible solutions may include acknowledgment of the problem, increased education of diversity and integration for the younger generations, mentorship, coaching, and more active engagement by male and female partners to support women in the surgical field.Conclusions:Gender-based discrimination toward women in the field of surgery has evolved over the past twenty years, from an explicit to a more subtle attitude. A work-environment where diversity and flexibility are valued would allow female surgeons to better realize their full potential.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discrimination Toward Women in Surgery

et al. 2022

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confidence: 99%

“…2 The possible etiologies of this disparity are unclear but may include differences in support structures (ie, funding, time, and mentorship) at various career phases, including training and early academic practice. 1 Among surgeons, funding disparities also exist for women 3,4 and young investigators. 2 Early mentorship and practice in grantsmanship equip trainees to take advantage of resident research grants, paving the way to early success in academic surgery.…”

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confidence: 99%

Training Surgeon Scholars: Grant Writing Workshops During Residency

Chen¹,

Gray²,

Jung³

2022

OTO Open

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Surgical residents may have limited experience with grant writing even though it is an important skill for academic physicians. We describe a novel curriculum on the conduct of research and grant literacy delivered at a single otolaryngology training program over 5 years. This workshop series included preparing a draft grant and conducting a mock grant review committee. In a survey of past participants (71% response rate), 91% found the workshops useful for grant writing or reviewing, and many used or planned to use the draft grants for real grant applications. The average number of American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation CORE grants submitted and successfully funded increased among residents at this program in the 4 years after the introduction of the workshop series as compared with the 4 years before. Further improvements continue to be made to the curriculum based on resident feedback.

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Current Status of National Institutes of Health Research Funding for Women Surgeon-Scientists

et al. 2022

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ImportanceWomen have made substantial advancements in academic surgery, but research funding disparities continue to hamper their progress, and current literature on the status of National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding awarded to women surgeon-scientists appears to be conflicting.ObjectiveTo examine gender-based differences in NIH funding awarded to surgeon-scientists by comparing total grant amounts awarded and the distribution of grants by gender and research type.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study was performed using a previously created database of NIH-funded surgeons from 2010 to 2020. Active physician data from the Association of American Medical Colleges were used to calculate total surgeon populations. This study was performed at the NIH using the NIH internal data platform, iSearch Grants. A total of 715 men and women surgeon-scientists funded by the NIH in 2010 and 1031 funded in 2020 were included in the analysis.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was the number of women among the total number of surgeons who received NIH grants and the total grant amounts awarded to them. Bivariate χ2 analyses were performed using population totals and substantiated by z tests of population proportions.ResultsThis study included 715 physicians (n = 579 men [81.0%]) in 2010 and 1031 physicians (n = 769 men [74.6%]) in 2020. In 2020, women comprised 27.4% of the surgical workforce and 25.4% of surgeons with research funding in the US, but they received only 21.7% of total NIH research funding awarded to all surgeons. The number of funded women surgeon-scientists, however, significantly increased from 2010 to 2020 (262 [25.4%] in 2020 vs 136 [19.0%] in 2010; P &lt; .001) as did their funding ($189.7 million [21.7%] in 2020 vs $75.9 million [12.3%] in 2010; P &lt; .001). Furthermore, the proportion of US women surgeons overall with NIH funding significantly increased in 2020 vs 2010 (0.7% vs 0.5%; P &lt; .001). Basic science, clinical outcomes, and clinical trial R01 grants also increased among women surgeon-scientists. Women and men K grant holders had a similar mean (SD) number of R01 application attempts before success (2.7 [3.01] vs 2.3 [3.15]; P = .60) and similar K-to-R award conversion rates (23.5% vs 26.7%; P = .55).Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study found an increasing number of women surgeon-scientists receiving NIH funding in 2020 vs 2010 as well as increases in the median grant amounts awarded. Although these results are promising, a discrepancy remains in the proportion of women in the surgical workforce compared with those funded by the NIH and the total grant amounts awarded to them.

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Gender differences in NIH grant funding in neurological surgery

Cited by 21 publications

References 21 publications

Discrimination Toward Women in Surgery

Discrimination Toward Women in Surgery

Training Surgeon Scholars: Grant Writing Workshops During Residency

Current Status of National Institutes of Health Research Funding for Women Surgeon-Scientists

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