Gender differences in motives for participation in sports and exercise among Norwegian adolescents

Jakobsen, Arne Martin; Evjen, Elisabeth

doi:10.29359/bjhpa.10.2.10

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Our results also match those presented by other studies, which highlighted fun and wellbeing as the greatest incentives when exercising [21,49]. In relation to the differences in motivation for boys and girls for practicing physical exercise, our study agrees with the conclusions of Jakobsen and Evjen, who found that intrinsic motives influenced sustained exercise in adolescents [50].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Motives for Exercising and Associations with Body Composition in Icelandic Adolescents

Galan-Lopez

Ríes

2019

Sports

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The aim of this study is to identify and analyze the motives that lead Icelandic teenagers to engage in physical exercise and the possible associations with variables of their body composition. For this purpose, the Self-Report of Reasons for the Practice of Physical Exercise questionnaire (AMPEF) was administered to 387 students (54% boys and 46% girls, Mage = 13.38 years) from Reykjavik (Iceland). The results reveal the subscales Revitalization and Enjoyment, Strength and Endurance, Challenge and Competition as the main motives for exercising among the participants. Boys score higher in all subscales than girls except for Revitalization and Enjoyment. Associations between the motive Weight Management and Appearance, and BMI and Fat % levels were found. It can be concluded that the participants’ physical exercise practice is based on the feelings and experiences they perceive in the sports practice process.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Motives for Exercising and Associations with Body Composition in Icelandic Adolescents

Galan-Lopez

Ríes

2019

Sports

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“…Of these, being strong and vigorous or feeling active were the most indicated, reaffirming studies that point to adolescence as the stage where motor competence is consolidated, which is associated with the improvement of healthy aspects, such as weight, cardiorespiratory capacity, and strength [41,63]. Such a description contrasts and complements other studies that previously indicated other types of motives, such as those made by Moreno-Murcia, Cervelló, Huéscar, and Llamas [64] that pointed to fun, being with friends, and a enjoying practice, or that of Gómez-López, Ruiz-Juan, García-Montes, Granero-Gallegos, and Piéron [65], who showed that there was no single reason to maintain active behavior due to the motivations being of an intrinsic nature, such as pleasure, health, and, most importantly, evasion. Rhodes and Kates [66] pointed out, after a systematic review, the relevance of affective involvement as the main source of motivation, while others such as Goguen-Carpenter et al [67] and Jakobsen and Evjen [68] highlighted the interest, enjoyment, and feeling of competence as the most important elements for the practice of physical exercise in childhood and adolescence.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Perfectly Active Teenagers. When Does Physical Exercise Help Psychological Well-Being in Adolescents?

González-Hernández

Gómez-López

Turpín

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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In the context of physical activity and sport, perfectionism and the regular practice of physical activity are related to psychological well-being and the regulation of psychological resources necessary for adaptation to effort and satisfaction. At the same time, the most active students are also those who show greater appetites for physical education classes. The goal of this work was to identify the influence of perfectionist beliefs and the regularity of the practice of physical exercise on psychological well-being. The participants were adolescents (n = 436) aged between 14 and 19 years (M = 16.80, SD = 0.77). They were administered the Multidimensional Perfection Scale, the Psychological Wellbeing Scale, the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQv2), and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The results showed, under a non-random and transversal design, that the participants gave important value to physical exercise because they feel both active and vigorous. Regarding perfectionism, the functional aspects of perfectionism (expectations of achievement and organization) correlated positively, while the dysfunctional aspects (fear of committing errors and external expectations) did so negatively with the importance given to physical exercise performed by adolescents; this in turn positively predicted psychological well-being. In this way, the hypothesized model contemplated the relevance of the included variables and reflected the mediation of the degree of importance given to the practice of physical exercise on perfectionist beliefs and psychological well-being. Currently, most physical activity practice proposals for adolescents focus on federated and structured environments for competition, and those that deal with recreational and health-oriented sports are far less common. Hence, “the perfect way of doing sports” for a teenager should be accompanied by cognitive schemes aimed at strengthening psychological resources that allow the regulation of beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors.

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“…Generally, most studies confirm higher PA motivation among boys compared to girls, in both adolescents [ 41 ] and young adults [ 42 ]. However, a Norwegian study showed that girls had higher scores in intrinsic motives for sports participation, compared to boys, and that boys had higher scores in more extrinsic motives, but gender had no influence on motivation for sustained exercise [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar conclusions were also formulated in a longitudinal study by Abi Nader et al [ 39 ], who recommended that focus should be highlighted on enjoyment and competence motives in order to increase MVPA. According to Jakobsen and Evjen [ 43 ], intrinsic motives such as enjoyment and competence are vital for sustained exercise in Norwegian adolescent boys and girls. However, it also turns out that interventions to increase motivation for PA in schools may boost PA enjoyment motives, especially in girls [ 5 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences and Associations between Physical Activity Motives and Types of Physical Activity among Adolescent Boys and Girls

Frömel

Groffik

Šafář

et al. 2022

BioMed Research International

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Interventions aimed at motivation for physical activity (PA) are mostly beneficial, but the effects on preventing the decrease in PA are not entirely clear, especially in girls. The main aim of this study was to identify the differences and associations between PA motives and types of PA in boys and girls and between low and high motivated boys and girls. Another aim is to identify the types of motivation and PA that increase the likelihood of achieving PA recommendations and to propose ways of increasing PA among low motivated adolescents. The research carried out before the COVID-19 pandemic (2010–2019) and involved 2,149 Czech and 1,927 Polish adolescents aged 15–19 years. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form was used to identify the level of PA types, while PA motivation was examined through the Motives for Physical Activities Measure-Revised. During the ten years, a decline was observed in enjoyment, fitness, and social motives. An increase in appearance motives was observed in girls, while no significant changes were seen in boys. Boys showed a higher motivation for PA than girls in enjoyment, competence, fitness, and social motives, while girls were high motivated in appearance motives. The greatest statistically significant differences between low and high motivated individuals were found in the associations between recreation/vigorous PA and between all types of motivation in boys and girls in both countries. The strongest associations in both genders were observed between enjoyment/competence motives and recreation/vigorous PA. Respecting and using the associations between the types of PA motives and types of PA in low and high motivated boys and girls can support feelings of PA enjoyment, increase PA, support the achievement of PA recommendations, and positively affect adolescents’ healthy lifestyles.

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Gender differences in motives for participation in sports and exercise among Norwegian adolescents

Cited by 18 publications

References 27 publications

Motives for Exercising and Associations with Body Composition in Icelandic Adolescents

Motives for Exercising and Associations with Body Composition in Icelandic Adolescents

Perfectly Active Teenagers. When Does Physical Exercise Help Psychological Well-Being in Adolescents?

Differences and Associations between Physical Activity Motives and Types of Physical Activity among Adolescent Boys and Girls

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