Gender Differences in Morningness–eveningness Preference

Adán, Ana; Natale, Vincenzo

doi:10.1081/cbi-120005390

Cited by 452 publications

(294 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The distribution approximates a normal curve, with a skewness of 0.005 and a kurtosis of -0.4. (Table 2) compares the typology distribution of our study participants with that of four participants of other studies that used the MEQ to investigate the status of college students of the same age group in Spain, Italy, Germany and the United States 11–14. Morning typology was more common in Saudis, particularly males, than reported in some Western countries.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Distribution of chronotypes in a large sample of young adult Saudis

BaHammam

Almestehi

Albatli

et al. 2011

Annals of Saudi Medicine

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:There are no published data on the chronotypes of young Saudi adults. This study assessed the distribution of chronotypes in college-aged Saudis.DESIGN AND SETTING:Cross-sectional survey of college studentsPATIENTS AND METHODS:A validated abridged version of the original Horne and Ostberg morningness-eveningness questionnaire (MEQr) was used to assess the chronotype of 759 subjects.RESULTS:Of 540 (71.1%) males and 219 (28.9%) females participated in this study ( age range, 18-32 years), 138 (18.2%) were “morning-types” 417 (54.9%) were “neither-types” and 204 (26.9%) were “evening-types”. There was no significant gender difference in MEQr typology. In Saudis, particularly males, the frequency of morning typology was somewhat higher than that reported for individuals in similar age groups in some Western countries.CONCLUSION:Most Saudi college students had no preference for morningness or eveningness and were classified as “intermediate-type”. Morningness appears to be slightly more common in Saudis, especially males, than in individuals of some Western societies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Previous reports of gender effects on chronotype have been inconsistent. Some investigators have reported a higher prevalence of morningness in females, but other studies found no between-gender differences 111416. Chronotype has also been reported to be related to personality characteristics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Distribution of chronotypes in a large sample of young adult Saudis

BaHammam

Almestehi

Albatli

et al. 2011

Annals of Saudi Medicine

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“…During the adulthood, CS is mature, but gender differences appear during this period related to chronotype (Adan and Natale 2002). Finally, aging is associated with a phase advance, fragmentation, and flattening of marker rhythms (robust, easy-to-register, noninvasive, and comfortable circadian rhythm driven by the circadian pacemaker) (Hofman and Swaab 2006;Van Someren et al 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogeny and aging of the distal skin temperature rhythm in humans

Batinga

Martínez-Nicolás

Zornoza-Moreno

et al. 2015

AGE

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In circadian terms, human ontogeny is characterized by the emergence of a daily pattern, from a previous ultradian pattern, for most variables during the first 6 months of life. Circadian aging in humans is characterized by a phase advance, accompanied by rhythm fragmentation and flattening. Despite an expanding body of literature focused on distal skin temperature, little information is available about the ontogeny and practically nothing about age-related changes in this rhythm. Thus, the aim was to evaluate the degree of maturation and aging of the circadian pattern of distal skin temperature to identify those parameters that are modified throughout life and could be used to differentiate subjects according to their age. For this, distal skin temperature was measured in 197 volunteers (55 % women), including babies aged 15 days (30 subjects), 1 month (28 subjects), 3 months (31 subjects), and 6 months (10 subjects); young adults aged 19 years (37 subjects); middle-aged persons aged 46 years (27 subjects); older people aged 72 (34 subjects). Circadian system maturation was associated with an increase in amplitude and a reduction in skin temperature during sleep. During adulthood, women showed a more robust pattern (lower fragmentation, and higher night-time temperature, amplitude, circadian function index, and first harmonic relative power); however, these differences were lost with aging, a period of life that was consistently associated with a phase advance of the rhythm. In summary, distal skin temperature pattern can be used as a robust variable to discern between different ages throughout the life.

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“…Women reach their maximum in lateness at around 19.5 years of age, 25 while men continue to delay their sleep until around the age of 21 and are, on average, later chronotypes for most of their adulthood (see also Ref. 37 ). This sex (rather than gender) difference disappears at around the age of 50, which coincides with the average age at menopause.…”

Section: Chronotype and Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of the human circadian clock

Roenneberg

Kuehnle

Juda

et al. 2007

Sleep Medicine Reviews

1,223

1,057

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Summary Humans show large inter-individual differences in organising their behaviour within the 24-h day-this is most obvious in their preferred timing of sleep and wakefulness. Sleep and wake times show a near-Gaussian distribution in a given population, with extreme early types waking up when extreme late types fall asleep. This distribution is predominantly based on differences in an individuals' circadian clock. The relationship between the circadian system and different ''chronotypes'' is formally and genetically well established in experimental studies in organisms ranging from unicells to mammals. To investigate the epidemiology of the human circadian clock, we developed a simple questionnaire (Munich ChronoType Questionnaire, MCTQ) to assess chronotype. So far, more than 55,000 people have completed the MCTQ, which has been validated with respect to the Horne-Østberg morningness-eveningness questionnaire (MEQ), objective measures of activity and rest (sleep-logs and actimetry), and physiological parameters. As a result of this large survey, we established an algorithm which optimises chronotype assessment by incorporating the information on timing of sleep and wakefulness for both work and free days. The timing and duration of sleep are generally independent. However, when the two are analysed separately for work and free days, sleep duration strongly depends on chronotype. In addition, chronotype is both age-and sex-dependent.

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Gender Differences in Morningness–eveningness Preference

Cited by 452 publications

References 25 publications

Distribution of chronotypes in a large sample of young adult Saudis

Distribution of chronotypes in a large sample of young adult Saudis

Ontogeny and aging of the distal skin temperature rhythm in humans

Epidemiology of the human circadian clock

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