Gender Differences in Language Use: An Analysis of 14,000 Text Samples

Newman, Matthew L.; Groom, Carla J.; Handelman, Lori D.; Pennebaker, James W.

doi:10.1080/01638530802073712

Cited by 575 publications

(550 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, although we found strong evidence for language style matching in zero-acquaintance small groups (consistent with others' findings; Niederhoffer & Pennebaker, 2002;Newman et al, 2008), LSM was unrelated to post-conversation PD decisions. The LSM results are surprising in view of other work (Gonzales et al, 2010;Ireland & Pennebaker, 2010;Ireland et al, 2011) performance, romantic relationships, even long-term scholarly collaborations) can be predicted using the same language style matching (LSM) metric (Gonzales et al, 2010) that we applied to our data.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

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Convergence of speech rate in conversation predicts cooperation

Manson

Bryant

Gervais

et al. 2013

Evolution and Human Behavior

138

101

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During conversation, interlocutors coordinate their behavior on many levels. Two distinct forms of behavioral coordination have been empirically linked with affiliation and cooperation during or following face-to-face interaction: behavior matching and interpersonal synchrony. Only the latter form constitutes behavioral entrainment involving a coupling between independent oscillators. We present the first study of the association between spontaneously occurring behavioral coordination and postinteraction economic game-play. Triads of same-sexed strangers conversed for 10 min, after which each participant played an unannounced one-shot prisoner's dilemma (PD) toward each co-participant. When dyads had higher language style matching scores (LSM: Gonzales et al., 2010), the individuals evaluated each other more positively, but they were no more likely to cooperate in the PD. However, when dyads' speech rates (mean syllable duration) converged more strongly from the beginning to the end of the conversation, they were more likely to cooperate in the PD, despite no effect on interpersonal evaluations. Speech rate convergence, a form of rhythmic entrainment, could benefit interlocutors by mutually reducing cognitive processing during interaction.We suggest that spontaneous, temporally-based behavioral coordination might facilitate prosocial behavior when the joint cooperative effort is itself perceived as a form of coordination.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Because we found, consistent with other research (e.g. Newman et al, 2008), some sex differences in function word use (e.g. compared to men, women used more auxiliary verbs [13.6% vs. 11.9%, Cohen's d = 0.58, p = 0.004]), we also ran the correlation analyses separately for the two sexes.…”

Section: Language Style Matchingsupporting

confidence: 58%

Convergence of speech rate in conversation predicts cooperation

Manson

Bryant

Gervais

et al. 2013

Evolution and Human Behavior

138

101

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Newman, Groom, Handelman, and Pennebaker (2008) found that women tend to write messages pertaining to psychological process, social process, and verbs. The use of pronouns and social words are commonly found in their text messages.…”

Section: Female's Language Use In Smsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence this paper investigates the linguistic and discoursal features in English SMS created by university students, especially females, to gain a better understanding of their language of text messaging. Previous studies have mostly focused on the differences between male and female texters (Al Rousan, Aziz & Christopher 2011;Balakrishnan & Yeow 2008;Bassam 2014;Heidari & Alibabaee 2013;Keong et al 2012;Newman 2008;Rafi 2008). Seeing that women's language is seen as inferior and something that stands out from the norm (Coates 1988, as cited in Jakobsson 2010, p. 2), it is deemed important to conduct this study that specifically focused on female texters to fill in the gap.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

(._.)/ dont 4get 2 txt me plz! Linguistic and Discoursal Features of Short Message Service by Female Texters

Yusuf

Natsir

Yusra

2016

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The practicality and limited space of SMS have become features encouraging the emergence of various forms of SMS language. An analysis of SMS from 20 Acehnese female students in the University of Syiah Kuala was therefore carried out to inspect the elements of language employed within the text messages. The data of 110 SMS gathered through a mobile device were thoroughly analyzed and later categorized into linguistics and discoursal features. The result showed that female students tend to write about their psychological conditions in SMS by employing logogram and pictogram. A number of findings on omitted letters and nonstandard spelling were also indicated in their SMS. They rarely used initialism and shortening in writing the text messages because it is believed that these features can diminish intelligibility. These females also wrote complex messages and employed various languages into their text messages, including the national language (Indonesian), the language of their religion (Arabic), the language from media influence (Japanese), and their mother tongue (Acehnese). Their circumstance of being multilingual has expanded their linguistic performance in employing, typing, and inventing lively SMS. It is also interesting to discover that these texters created new symbols that are not generally found in SMS to identify their reciprocal relationship of the same culture and belief.

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“…The percentage is calculated by dividing the sum of a category by the word count resulting in the following output: function (40%), article (20%), verb (20%), auxiliary verb (20%), present tense (20%), affection (20%), positive (20%), perception (20%), visual (20%), relative (40%), and time words (40%). LIWC has been used in numerous studies, covering a wide range of topics which included predicting deception from textual words [12], identifying gender differences in language use [13] and the use of language to identify personality styles [14]. It was also used to reveal the psychological changes in response to an attack, for example, the terrorist attack on 9 September 2001 in the United States [15].…”

Section: Linguistic Inquiry and Word Countmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dark Side of Web 2.0

Labuschagne

Eloff

Veerasamy

2012

ICT Critical Infrastructures and Society

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Abstract. Social networking sites have increased in popularity and are utilized for many purposes which include connecting with other people, sharing information and creating content. Many people on social networking sites use these platforms to express opinions relating to current affairs within society. People do not realize the value of their data divulged on these platforms and the tactics implemented by social engineers to harvest the seemingly worthless data. An attack vector is created when a user can be profiled using responses from one of these platforms and the data combined with leaked information from another platform. This paper discusses methods for how this data, with no significant value to the users, can become a commodity to social engineers. This paper addresses what information can be deducted from responses on social news sites, as well as investigating how this information can be useful to social engineers.

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Gender Differences in Language Use: An Analysis of 14,000 Text Samples

Cited by 575 publications

References 20 publications

Convergence of speech rate in conversation predicts cooperation

Convergence of speech rate in conversation predicts cooperation

(._.)/ dont 4get 2 txt me plz! Linguistic and Discoursal Features of Short Message Service by Female Texters

The Dark Side of Web 2.0

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