Gender Differences in Job Satisfaction

Abstract

The competing hypotheses of socialization, structural, and social role theories were used to investigate the possible existence of gender differences in job satisfaction. The hypotheses were tested in a sample of over 13,000 U.S. employees from approximately 130 organizations and divisions across a variety of industries. The organizations were clients of a North American-based management consulting company. T tests and effect sizes were calculated to test for the possible existence of group differences in job satisfaction between women and men in both clerical and managerial positions. The results indicate support for structural theory, some support for social role theory, and a lack of support for socialization theory. An important finding is that U.S. women and men in management apparently did not differ from one another in their sources of satisfaction at work.

The Use of Interactional Metadiscourse in the Construction of Gender Identities among Malaysian ESL Learners

“…On the contrary, female writers' preference for the inclusive we builds a rapport with the reader and puts them at one with the reader. This is typical of women language, which according to Mason (1994), would consist of features that transmit a sense of cooperation and selflessness.…”

“…The former has the tendency to transmit a sense of togetherness and cooperation by equating themselves in their arguments (Mason 1994), while the latter seems to project an aura of dominance and authority by separating themselves from the reader (Leaper 1991, Mulac, Bradac & Gibbons 2001 As summarised in Table 5, only four key hedges were most often employed by learners, and they include should, would, may and most. Asian learners in general are very cautious and indirect in expressing their opinions (Ahmad 1995); thus, modals such as should, would and may would be common occurrences in their writing.…”

The effects of gender of private sports establishment administrators on job satisfaction: A case of Istanbul

“…Gencay (2007) did not find any meaningful correlation between gender and job satisfaction from his research Erol 1837 with P.E teachers. Mason (1994), in a research on gender effects on job satisfaction, found there was no meaningful correlation between gender and job satisfaction. This research is in parallel with our findings.…”

Factors Affecting Job Satisfaction among Academicians: A Comparative Study between Gender and Generations

“…Similarly, a study by Carleton and Clain (2012) suggest that there is greater job satisfaction among women but it was limited to married workers. In addition, using the competing hypotheses of socialization, structural and social role theories which were tested on a sample of 13000 US employees, across various industries, Mason (1995) asserted that US women and men in management apparently did not differ from one another in their factors of satisfaction at work. Inconsistencies in findings concerning the relationship between gender and job satisfaction may therefore be due to a variety of factors.…”