Gender differences in human psychological responses to wooden indoor environment

Effect of wall covering materials on the perception of cafe environments

“…Similarly, in a study by Rice et al (2006), while wood was found to be "warm", "peaceful", "tranquil", "natural" and "inviting", these adjective pairs for materials, such as concrete, stone, ceramic and leather, were evaluated as negative. The findings for the perceptual evaluations in wood materials' space supported results obtained in studies conducted by Jalilzadehazhari and Johansson (2019), Fujisaki et al (2015), Burnard and Kutnar (2015), Watchman et al (2017), Ulusoy and Olguntürk (2018), Poirier et al (2019) and Shen et al (2021). Another result determined that the space using dark-coloured wood was perceived as more planned, tidier, more peaceful and warmer compared to spaces that used other dark-coloured metal and concrete.…”

“…Spaces can be limited with the use of materials, the transitions of materials, the intersection points, the relations of blank space and fullness and with the colour attributes, it can form different effects on users. In similar studies made on this subject (Fujisaki et al, 2015;Burnard and Kutnar, 2015;Watchman et al, 2017;Ulusoy and Olguntürk, 2018;Garip and Seymen, 2021;Poirier et al, 2019;Shen et al, 2021;Ikei and Miyazaki, 2020), it was reported that materials used in inner spaces affect the spatial perception of many attributes, such as type, colour, the texture of materials and the relationship of environment and light. Visual perception studies are reasonably substantial to understand an environment, which has different features (Ögçe et al, 2020).…”

“…Another study indicated that women' expectations were high in services, such as physical facilities and product presentation; personnel and store image in retail stores (Erasmus and Grabowski, 2013). While in the study by Shen et al (2021) it was set forth that women displayed better performances in distinguishing the differences in the colour and wooden coverings used in interior spaces compared to men and women also found the wooden materials to be warmer and brighter. These studies displayed that the gender factor is an important variable in the perception of spaces.…”

“…It was reported that women and men displayed different preferences and behaviours in studies that treated the subject of the effects of gender in the perception of commercial spaces (Yıldırım et al, 2014(Yıldırım et al, , 2015Ayalp et al, 2016;Shen et al, 2021). Yıldırım et al (2014Yıldırım et al ( , 2015 and Ayalp et al (2016) focussed on the relationship between the environmental factors of the store and the perceptual evaluations of customers and emphasised that the role of gender is an important factor in the development of perceptual-behavioural evaluation differences.…”

“…In the study by Poirier et al (2019), it was stated, "persons are adapted more to what is natural rather than artificial environments". A great variety of spatial perception studies have been conducted, which treated the different aspects of wood on the use of wood in interior spaces (Fujisaki et al, 2015;Burnard and Kutnar, 2015;Watchman et al, 2017;Ulusoy and Olguntürk, 2018;Poirier et al, 2019;Shen et al, 2021;Ikei and Miyazaki, 2020). On the other hand, in the twentieth century, the use of concrete materials became widespread and in the present-day covering materials having the appearance of gross concrete have started to be produced because of receiving interest in the use of gross concrete in interior spaces.…”