Gender differences in health in later life: the new paradox?

Arber, Sara; Cooper, Helen

doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(98)00289-5

Cited by 354 publications

(287 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Among older adults gender is another common determinant of disability, as older women are more likely to experience mobility limitations than men in the same agegroup (Arber and Cooper 1999). We found only very small and insignificant gender differences in onset of mobility limitations in our population of adults in midlife, however, they were in the expected direction, and by and large the social gradients in onset of mobility limitations did not differ between men and women.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Social inequality in onset of mobility limitations in midlife: a longitudinal study in Denmark

2011

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The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate if social inequality in onset of mobility limitations is present in early midlife, and to examine whether common determinants of disability account for social status differences in onset of mobility limitations in midlife. Having a low social class at age 40 and 50 respectively was associated with higher onset of mobility limitations 6 years later, and this association was overall only partly explained by common determinants of disability: smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, body mass index, and chronic diseases. These results indicate that the development of mobility limitations might begin earlier in lower compared to higher social strata, and that social status differences in mobility limitations might emerge already in the forties.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Social inequality in onset of mobility limitations in midlife: a longitudinal study in Denmark

2011

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“…While women generally experience poorer health than men, the pattern of gender differences in health is varied (Arber & Cooper, 1999;Macintyre, Hunt & Sweeting, 1996; also see the special issue of Social Science and Medicine edited by Hunt & Annandale, 1999). Women have lower rates of mortality but, paradoxically, report higher levels of depression, psychiatric disorders, distress, and a variety of chronic illnesses than men (Baum & Grunberg, 1991;McDonough & Walters, 2001;Verbrugge, 1985).…”

Section: Gender Inequalities In Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of social factors, researchers pose two general hypotheses to account for gender-based inequalities in health. The differential exposure hypothesis suggests that women report higher levels of health problems because of their reduced access to the material and social conditions of life that foster health (Arber, 1999;Ross & Bird, 1994) and from the greater stress associated with their gender and marital roles. The differential vulnerability hypothesis, on the other hand, suggests that women report higher levels of health problems because they react differently than men to the material, behavioural and psycho-social conditions that foster health (McDonough & Walters, 2001;Turner & Avison, 1987).…”

Section: Social Explanations Of Inequalities In Health: a Gender Dividementioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in health: a Canadian study of the psychosocial, structural and behavioural determinants of health

Denton

Prus

Walters

2004

Social Science & Medicine

576

476

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“…Understanding gender differences is especially important in older (!65 years) adults because this age group is often not included in research on gender differences (5). Community-living women older than 65 years have been reported to have more disability (5,6) than men, so women might enter rehabilitation more dependent than men.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Community-living women older than 65 years have been reported to have more disability (5,6) than men, so women might enter rehabilitation more dependent than men. Further, only 57% of 65-to 74-year-old women are married vs 78% of men (7), so more women lack a spouse to provide assistance at home.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Gender on Inpatient Rehabilitation Outcomes in the Elderly With Incomplete Paraplegia From Nontraumatic Spinal Cord Injury

Kay

Deutsch

Chen

et al. 2010

The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine

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Objective: To examine gender differences in rehabilitation outcomes for patients with nontraumatic spinal cord injury.Research Design: Secondary analysis was conducted on Medicare beneficiary data from 65 to 74 year olds with incomplete paraplegia discharged from inpatient rehabilitation facilities in 2002 through 2005. Main Outcome Measures: Length of stay, Functional Independence Measure instrument motor item and subscale scores on discharge, and discharge destination. Results: Among patients with degenerative spinal disease, men had significantly longer rehabilitation stays than women (P , 0.001). Men with degenerative spinal disease had significantly lower discharge Functional Independence Measure scores than women, indicating more dependence in self-care (P , 0.001) and mobility (P , 0.001). Among patients with degenerative spinal disease, men were less likely to walk (odds ratio 5 0.58; 95% CI 5 0.38-0.87) and less likely to be independent with bladder management (odds ratio 5 0.44; 95% CI 5 0.31-0.62). Among patients with vascular ischemia, men were more independent (B 5 2.59; 99% CI 5 0.42-4.76) in mobility than women. There were no gender differences in the malignant spinal tumors group. There were no gender differences in being discharged to a community-based residence. Conclusions: Gender distributions varied by etiology. Gender differences were found in demographics, length of stay, and functional outcomes but not discharge destination. Men were more dependent than women at discharge in the etiology group with the least overall disability (degenerative spinal disease) and more independent in mobility than women at discharge in the etiology group with the most overall disability (vascular ischemia).

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Gender differences in health in later life: the new paradox?

Cited by 354 publications

References 33 publications

Social inequality in onset of mobility limitations in midlife: a longitudinal study in Denmark

Social inequality in onset of mobility limitations in midlife: a longitudinal study in Denmark

Gender differences in health: a Canadian study of the psychosocial, structural and behavioural determinants of health

Effects of Gender on Inpatient Rehabilitation Outcomes in the Elderly With Incomplete Paraplegia From Nontraumatic Spinal Cord Injury

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