Gender Differences in Elements of Human Anterior Commissure and Olfactory Bulb and Tract

Tohno, Setsuko; Ongkana, Nutcharin; Ke, Liyuan; Mahakkanukrauh, Pasuk; Minami, Takeshi; Suwannahoy, Patipath; Sinthubua, Apichat; Tohno, Yoshiyuki

doi:10.1007/s12011-009-8559-7

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The findings from the current investigation therefore highlight the similarities in olfactory bulb and tract metal concentrations between humans and rodents, and confirm the reproducibility of ICP-MS as a technique. However, although the current study aligns closely with these previous studies, which were all performed on unfixed tissue, results were markedly different in two other studies that used chemically fixed olfactory bulbs and tracts from cadavers that had previously been used for medical student teaching 56 , 57 . The combination of these results underscore the importance of tissue preparation, as ICP-MS is very susceptible to contamination 58 – 60 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Metal concentrations and distributions in the human olfactory bulb in Parkinson’s disease

Gardner

Dieriks

Cameron

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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In Parkinson’s disease (PD), the olfactory bulb is typically the first region in the body to accumulate alpha-synuclein aggregates. This pathology is linked to decreased olfactory ability, which becomes apparent before any motor symptoms occur, and may be due to a local metal imbalance. Metal concentrations were investigated in post-mortem olfactory bulbs and tracts from 17 human subjects. Iron (p < 0.05) and sodium (p < 0.01) concentrations were elevated in the PD olfactory bulb. Combining laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and immunohistochemistry, iron and copper were evident at very low levels in regions of alpha-synuclein aggregation. Zinc was high in these regions, and free zinc was detected in Lewy bodies, mitochondria, and lipofuscin of cells in the anterior olfactory nucleus. Increased iron and sodium in the human PD olfactory bulb may relate to the loss of olfactory function. In contrast, colocalization of free zinc and alpha-synuclein in the anterior olfactory nucleus implicate zinc in PD pathogenesis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Metal concentrations and distributions in the human olfactory bulb in Parkinson’s disease

Gardner

Dieriks

Cameron

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…The authors [43] previously found the gender differences in the Zn content of the anterior commissure and in the Ca, P, and Zn contents of the olfactory bulb and tract. The Zn content of the anterior commissure and olfactory bulb and tract was significantly higher in men than in women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Element Distribution in Visual System, the Optic Chiasma, Lateral Geniculate Body, and Superior Colliculus

Tohno

Ishizaki

Shida

et al. 2010

Biol Trace Elem Res

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To elucidate compositional changes of the visual system with aging, the authors investigated age-related changes of elements in the optic chiasma, lateral geniculate body, and superior colliculus, relationships among their elements, relationships among their brain regions from a viewpoint of elements, and gender differences in their elements by direct chemical analysis. After ordinary dissection at Nara Medical University was finished, the optic chiasmas, lateral geniculate bodies, and superior colliculi were resected from identical cerebra of the subjects. The subjects consisted of 14 men and 10 women, ranging in age from 75 to 96 years (average age = 85.6 ± 5.9 years). After ashing with nitric acid and perchloric acid, element contents were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. As the result, the average content of P was significantly higher in the optic chiasma and superior colliculus compared with the lateral geniculate body. Regarding age-related changes of elements, no significant changes with aging were found in seven elements of the optic chiasma, lateral geniculate body, and superior colliculus in the subjects more than 75 years of age. The findings that with regard to the relationships among elements, there were extremely significant direct correlations between Ca and Zn contents and significant inverse correlations between Mg and Na contents were obtained in common in all of the optic chiasma, lateral geniculate body, and superior colliculus. It was examined whether there were significant correlations among the optic chiasma, lateral geniculate body, and superior colliculus in the seven elements and the following results were obtained: There were significant direct correlations between the optic chiasma and lateral geniculate body in both the P and Mg contents; there was a significant direct correlation between the optic chiasma and superior colliculus in the Fe content; and a significant direct correlation was found between the lateral geniculate body and superior colliculus in the Mg content. Regarding the gender differences in elements, it was found that both the Ca and Zn contents of the lateral geniculate body were significantly higher in women than in men.

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“…A few studies exists regarding gender-related differences on some trace element levels, namely Fe, in human brain [27,39,40] but studies concerning Ca and Mg are rather scarce. Some authors [41] consider two different type of gender-related differences in the elements levels of brain regions. The first one corresponds to a difference that was already present in the adulthood and persists up to the old age.…”

Section: Gender-related Differences On Ca and Mg Levels And Smoking Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

A post-mortem study of the anatomical region differences and age-related changes on Ca and Mg levels in the human brain

Correia

Ramos

Santos

et al. 2014

Microchemical Journal

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Calcium and magnesium levels in 14 different areas of the human brain [frontal cortex, superior and middle temporal gyri, caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, cingulated gyrus, hippocampus, inferior parietal lobule, visual cortex of the occipital lobe, midbrain, pons-locus coeruleus, medulla and cerebellum-dentate nucleus] of adult individuals (n=42; 71±12, range: 50-103 years old) without a known history of neurodegenerative, neurological or psychiatric disorder were studied. Considering the mean values for the 14 regions, Mg was present at ca. 2.3-fold higher levels than Ca (mean ± sd: 527±34 µg/g versus 226±53 µg/g). Calcium distribution within the brain showed to be quite heterogeneous: highest levels were found in the occipital (306±156 µg/g) and frontal cortex (287±78 µg/g), while lowest levels were found in the medulla (186±70 µg/g) and cerebellum (145±42 µg/g). Higher Ca levels were found in women than in men (248±59 µg/g versus 213±46 µg/g; p<0.05). A tendency for a Ca levels increasing with age in all studied brain regions and in both genders was also observed. On the contrary, Mg presented a highly homogeneous distribution and seems to remain quite unchanged irrespective of ageing.

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Gender Differences in Elements of Human Anterior Commissure and Olfactory Bulb and Tract

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Metal concentrations and distributions in the human olfactory bulb in Parkinson’s disease

Metal concentrations and distributions in the human olfactory bulb in Parkinson’s disease

Element Distribution in Visual System, the Optic Chiasma, Lateral Geniculate Body, and Superior Colliculus

A post-mortem study of the anatomical region differences and age-related changes on Ca and Mg levels in the human brain

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