Gender differences in driving under the influence of psychoactive drugs: Evidence mapping of real case studies and meta-analysis

Pelletti, Guido; Boscolo‐Berto, Rafael; Barone, Rossella; Giorgetti, Arianna; Fiorentini, Clara; Pascali, Jennifer P.; Fais, Paolo; Pelotti, Susi

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111479

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 62 publications

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“…Figures for the year 2021 confirmed that men are more likely to drive after substance(s) abuse than women, as previously described ( 42 ), decreases with driver age, and is more likely to occur at night, either on weekends or weekdays. In terms of driver sex, men are more likely to be behind the wheel in Spain (57 vs. 43%) ( 43 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Increase in driving after cocaine use in Spain: a cross-sectional dataset analysis for 2021

García-Mingo

Martín-Fernández

Gutiérrez-Abejón

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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ObjectiveDriving under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs impairs skills essential for safe driving, increases the risk of being involved in a traffic accident and is particularly prevalent in Spain. The aim is to assess the prevalence of positive substance driving cases, what factors may be associated with driving after substance use, and the evolution of the progress in the prevalence of drug use among drivers in drivers based on the 2008, 2013, 2018, and 2021 studies.Study design and settingThe present study was conducted in a representative sample of Spanish drivers in 2021 for alcohol (breath) and psychoactive substances [oral fluid (OF)]. The sample size was 2980 drivers, mostly males (76.5%) with a mean age of 41.35 ± 13.34 years.ResultsIn 2021, 9.3% of drivers tested positive for alcohol and/or drugs. The presence of alcohol alone was observed in 4.2% of drivers, alcohol and another substance in 0.3%, a single drug in 4.4%, and two or drugs other than alcohol in 0.4%. Overall, cocaine cases were the highest registered in 2021 (2.4%), while cannabis (1.9%) and polydrug cases (0.7%) were the lowest, with respect to the 2008/2013/2018 studies.ConclusionsAccording to our research, in 2021, 9 out of 100 drivers were detected to have some substance in their system. This prevalence remains unacceptably high in Spain, with a marked increase in the frequency of driving after cocaine use. Further interventions and measures must be taken to avoid driving under the influence of alcohol and/or drugs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Increase in driving after cocaine use in Spain: a cross-sectional dataset analysis for 2021

García-Mingo

Martín-Fernández

Gutiérrez-Abejón

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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MAM-2201 acute administration impairs motor, sensorimotor, prepulse inhibition, and memory functions in mice: a comparison with its analogue AM-2201

et al. 2023

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Rationale 1-[(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indol-3-yl](4-methyl-1-naphthalenyl) methanone (MAM-2201) is a potent synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist illegally marketed in “spice” products and as “synthacaine” for its psychoactive effects. It is a naphthoyl-indole derivative which differs from its analogue 1-[(5-Fluoropentyl)-1H-indol-3-yl](1-naphthylenyl) methanone (AM-2201) by the presence of a methyl substituent on carbon 4 (C-4) of the naphthoyl moiety. Multiple cases of intoxication and impaired driving have been linked to AM-2201 and MAM-2201 consumption. Objectives This study aims to investigate the in vitro (murine and human cannabinoid receptors) and in vivo (CD-1 male mice) pharmacodynamic activity of MAM-2201 and compare its effects with those induced by its desmethylated analogue, AM-2201. Results In vitro competition binding studies confirmed that MAM-2201 and AM-2201 possess nanomolar affinity for both CD-1 murine and human CB1 and CB2 receptors, with preference for the CB1 receptor. In agreement with the in vitro binding data, in vivo studies showed that MAM-2201 induces visual, acoustic, and tactile impairments that were fully prevented by pretreatment with CB1 receptor antagonist/partial agonist AM-251, indicating a CB1 receptor mediated mechanism of action. Administration of MAM-2201 also altered locomotor activity and PPI responses of mice, pointing out its detrimental effect on motor and sensory gating functions and confirming its potential use liability. MAM-2201 and AM-2201 also caused deficits in short- and long-term working memory. Conclusion These findings point to the potential public health burden that these synthetic cannabinoids may pose, with particular emphasis on impaired driving and workplace performance.

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Prevalence of alcohol-impaired driving: a systematic review with a gender-driven approach and meta-analysis of gender differences

Pelletti,

Boscolo-Berto,

Anniballi

et al. 2024

Int J Legal Med

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Gender differences in driving under the influence of psychoactive drugs: Evidence mapping of real case studies and meta-analysis

Cited by 8 publications

References 62 publications

Increase in driving after cocaine use in Spain: a cross-sectional dataset analysis for 2021

Increase in driving after cocaine use in Spain: a cross-sectional dataset analysis for 2021

MAM-2201 acute administration impairs motor, sensorimotor, prepulse inhibition, and memory functions in mice: a comparison with its analogue AM-2201

Prevalence of alcohol-impaired driving: a systematic review with a gender-driven approach and meta-analysis of gender differences

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